西藏两种裂腹鱼鱼肉质构特征比较分析

摘要

Schizothorax macropogon and Ptychobarbus dipogon are important economic fishes in the Yarlung Zangbo River.Both are Schizothoracinaes containing a variety of essential fatty acids with high nutritional values.As food products,the textural characteristics of their meat determine important factors like taste or methods of treatment.To explore the preservation and utilization of fish resources in the Tibet Autonomous Region,China,the texture profile analysis (TPA) method was used to analyze 12 textural parameters.Fish were captured from the Yarlung Zangbo River in Shigatse and Nyingchi City.Principal component analysis showed that the texture ofP.dipogon captured from the Nyingchi segment was different from the same species captured in the Shigatse segment,and different from S.macropogon captured from both segments.Factorial analysis indicated that the textural characteristics of Schizothoracinae fishes in Tibet Autonomous Region can be summarized as hardness indices,overcome attraction indices and contractility indices,of which the accumulated variance contribution rate of the first four principal component factors was 81.472％.The three categories of the four principal component axes could be the main deciding parameters of the textural characteristics of Schizothoracinae fishes in Tibet Autonomous Region.This provides scientific data for subsequent development and utilization of Schizothoracinae fishes from the Yarlung Zangbo River in different geographical areas.%巨须裂腹鱼Schizothorax macropogon和双须叶须鱼Ptychobarbus dipogon是雅鲁藏布江特有的重要经济鱼类,具有多种人体必需脂肪酸,营养价值高,但其组织结构和内部性状可直接影响口感.为明确西藏2种裂腹鱼鱼肉的质构特征差异,保护西藏裂腹鱼资源及其合理开发利用,采用质地多面剖析法(TPA)分析了西藏雅鲁藏布江日喀则江段和林芝江段的2种裂腹鱼(巨须裂腹鱼、双须叶须鱼)的12项鱼肉质构特征指标,主成分分析(PCA)表明雅鲁藏布江林芝江段双须叶须鱼鱼肉质构特征较日喀则江段2种裂腹鱼及林芝江段巨须裂腹鱼存在较大差异.析因分析表明可将雅鲁藏布江2种裂腹鱼鱼肉质构特征归纳为硬度、克服鱼肉表面与接触物吸引力及收缩性等3大类4个主成分指标,前4个主成分累计方差贡献率达81.472％,可将这3大类4个主成分指标作为雅鲁藏布江裂腹鱼鱼肉质构特征的主要判定参数.研究为后续合理开发利用雅鲁藏布江不同江段的裂腹鱼类提供科学数据.