中国典型湖泊富营养化现状与区域性差异分析

摘要

In order to comprehensively evaluate the eutrophication status in China lakes, this study scientifically ana-lyzed the eutrophication and its regional heterogeneity in 22 representative lakes of China, and the quantitative relation-ship between TP and eutrophication was also studied. The results showed that 59.1% of the surviving lakes are in dif-ferent eutrophication status from 2010 to 2011. Among them, Yunnan-Guizhou Lake area has the highest eutrophica-tion level, but Menggu-Xinjiang Lake area has a bipolar levels. The lakes at Northeast Mountain and Plain area, and also the lakes at eastern area generally have a level between middle nutrition to mild eutrophication. The lowest eu-trophication level is at the area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Based on the relationship between sunshine amount, frost-free period, temperature, water depth, altitude, precipitation and lake nutrition status, it reveals that the geographical loca-tion of lakes is the fundamental factor affecting lake eutrophication and its regional distribution. The results of compre-hensive analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentra-tions in lakes nationwide. Cubic curve regression equation fits the relation between chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentrations at the areas of eastern plain, northeastern plain-mountain, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yun-Gui Pla-teau. S-curve equation fits the relation between concentrations of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus in the Menggu-Xinjiang Lake area. With the increase of total phosphorus concentration, there was a minimum value of chlorophyll concentration in the lake areas of eastern plain, northeastern plain-mountain, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at the beginning, and then followed by a maximum value. The minimum concentrations of total phosphorus in the three lake areas were 0.054 mg/L, 0.089 mg/L and 0.072 mg/L, respectively. This study can provide information for the control of lake eu-trophication in future.%为全面科学地综合评估全国富营养化现状, 以全国五大湖区22个典型湖泊为研究对象, 科学评估了其富营养化状态, 分析了全国湖泊富营养化状态的区域性差异, 并探讨了富营养化状态与总磷的定量关系.结果表明, 2010—2011年, 59.1%的调研湖泊处于不同程度的富营养化状态, 其中云贵湖区的富营养化程度最为严重, 蒙新湖区的富营养化呈两极分化状态, 东北山地-平原湖区与东部湖区的湖泊基本均处于中营养-轻度富营养之间, 青藏高原湖区的富营养化程度最低.通过分析日照数、无霜期、气温、水深、海拔、降雨与湖泊营养状态的关系, 揭示了湖泊所处的地理位置是影响湖泊富营养化的基本因素, 具有区域性的分布规律.综合分析结果表明, 全国范围内湖泊中叶绿素a与总磷浓度存在显著相关性, 其中东部平原湖区、东北平原-山地湖区、青藏高原湖区和云贵高原湖区的叶绿素a与总磷浓度符合三次曲线方程, 蒙新湖区的叶绿素a与总磷浓度符合S型曲线方程; 东部平原湖区、东北平原-山地湖区、青藏高原湖区叶绿素浓度随着总磷浓度的增加, 首先出现1个极小值点, 然后出现1个极大值点, 其中3个湖区极小值点对应的总磷浓度分别为: 0.054、0.089和0.072 mg/L, 可为我国对应湖区的湖泊富营养化控制指标提供借鉴.