The Saishitang copper deposit is an important skarn deposit located in the Southeast of Ngola Mountain Area, Eastern margin of East Kunlun orogenic belt. The skarn occurs along the contact between Indosinian quartz diorite and middle-lower Triassic Tb21-2 lithologic section. The ore bodies which are stratoid or lenticular mainly occur in exoskarn. The Tb21-2 lithologic section consists of intermediate volcanic rocks, marble and metamorphic siltstone. Cu mineralization is adjacent to the metamorphic andesitic tuff and andesite spatially. Petrography studies of Cu-bearing skarn show four stages of skarn formation and ore development, including skarn stage, retrograde alteration stage, quartz-sulfide stage and quartz-carbonate stage. Skarn stage consists of garnet, pyroxene and wollastonite and retrograde alteration stage dominates by epidote, amphibole and magnetite. In quartz-sulfide stage a large amount of sulfides were precipitated. Electron microprobe analysis shows that components of garnet and pyroxene are Gro0.00~91.00And7.02~100.00(Pyr+Alm+Spe)0.00~4.27 and Di12.80~91.75Hd2.41~79.80(Jo+Jd+Opx)0.00~13.47, respectively. The result indicates that the skarn in Saishitang deposit belongs to typical calcic skarn. High concentrations of grossular and epidote are found in skarns located closer to the contact between quartz diorite and andesite. Andradite is richer near the marble with wollastonite and Mn-bearing hedenbergite. Mineralogical characteristics and compositional variations suggest:from skarn stage to quartz-sulfide stage, the property of fluid changed episodically with two redox fluctuations at least, probably resulting from the influx of meteoric waters in ore-forming fluid. Saishitang copper deposit is a skarn deposit. The quartz diorite-dominated intrusions carrying plenty of heat and fluids intrude into middle-lower Triassic strata. The materials exchange between intrusions and wall rocks may be the mechanism of the development of skarn and ore bodies in Saishitang deposit, accompanying the bimetasomatism between marble and metamorphic siltstone and intermediate volcanic rocks.%赛什塘铜矿位于东昆仑造山带东端的鄂拉山地区,是中国西部重要的矽卡岩型铜矿之一。矽卡岩形成于印支期石英闪长岩与中—下三叠统地层Tb21-2岩性段的接触带,矿体主要呈似层状、透镜状产于外接触带矽卡岩中。Tb21-2岩性段由中性火山岩、大理岩及变质粉砂岩构成,其中变安山质凝灰岩及安山岩与铜矿化有着密切的空间关系。岩相学研究表明,含铜矽卡岩的形成经历了矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、石英-硫化物阶段及石英-碳酸盐阶段。矽卡岩阶段形成石榴子石、辉石及硅灰石,退化蚀变阶段则形成绿帘石、角闪石及磁铁矿,石英-硫化物阶段大量金属硫化物发生沉淀。电子探针分析表明,石榴子石与辉石矿物组分分别为Gro0.00~91.00And7.02~100.00(Pyr+Alm+Spe)0.00~4.27与Di12.80~98.08Hd2.41~79.80(Jo+Jd+Opx)0.00~13.47,表明其属于典型的钙矽卡岩类。空间上,靠近石英闪长岩与安山岩接触带处,钙铝榴石和绿帘石更富集,而向大理岩的一侧以钙铁榴石为主,并常见硅灰石及含Mn的钙铁辉石。矿物学特征及矿物成分的变化显示：从矽卡岩阶段到石英-硫化物阶段,流体性质呈幕式的变化,成矿流体至少经历了2次氧化还原性质的转变,这种变化可能与成矿流体中大气降水的不断加入有关。赛什塘铜矿属于矽卡岩型矿床,以石英闪长岩为主的岩浆活动携带了大量的热量及流体,侵入到中—下三叠统地层中,与围岩地层发生物质交换的同时,引起了大理岩、变质粉砂岩与中性火山岩之间的双交代作用,是导致矽卡岩和矿体形成的重要机制。
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