几何与语义统一的区域地质构造GIS数据模型

摘要

Using GIS, data models of geology via geometric descriptions and expressions are being developed.However, the role played by these data models in terms of the description and expression of geological structure phenomenon is limited.To improve the semantic information in geological GIS data models, this study adopts an object-oriented method that describes and expresses the geometric and semantic features of the geological structure phenomenon using geological objects and designs a data model of regional geological structures by integrating geometry and semantics.Moreover, the study designs a semantic "vocabulary-explanation-graph" method for describing the geological phenomenon of structures.Based on the semantic features of regional geological structures and a linear classification method, it divides the regional geological structure phenomenon into 3 divisions, 10 groups, 33 classes and defines the element set and element class.Moreover, it builds the basic geometric network for geological elements based on the geometric and semantic relations among geological objects.Using the ArcGIS Diagrammer Geodatabase, it considers the regional geological structure of the Ning-Zhen Mountains to verify the data model, and the results indicate a high practicability.%随着GIS在地质中的应用,地质GIS数据模型在几何描述与表达方面日趋完善,但是对地质构造现象的语义描述与表达却较为有限,制约了地质研究者对地质GIS地理解与应用.为了增强地质GIS数据模型中的语义信息,本文采用面向对象的方法,通过地质对象来统一描述和表达地质构造现象的几何与语义特征,设计了几何与语义统一的区域地质构造GIS数据模型.本文设计了基于"词汇概念-名词解释-几何图例"的地质构造现象的语义三角描述方法.依据区域地质构造的语义特征,采用线性分类法将区域地质构造现象划分为3个大类、10个中类和33个小类,在此基础上定义了地质构造现象的基本要素集和要素类,并基于地质对象之间的几何和语义关系,建立了区域地质构造现象要素的基本几何网络.采用ArcGIS Diagrammer Geodatabase建模工具,构建了几何与语义统一的地质GIS数据模型.最后,以宁镇山脉区域地质构造现象为例对该数据模型进行了试验验证,结果表明该模型具有较好的实用性.