一种基于信号机制的能量感知地理路由算法

摘要

In the wireless sensor networks ,the geographic routing algorithms use the perimeter routing to bypass the routing voids .Usually ,the nodes around the voids have heavier workload and die much sooner than the others .In order to achieve load bal-ancing ,this paper presents an energy-aware geographic routing algorithm SIENGR .SIENGR divides the initial energy of sensor nodes into 3 energy zones ,and identifies them by energy signals .SIENGR uses boundary nodes’ all planar neighbors to transmit the data in perimeter routing ,by taking the energy signals into account .The generated routing is able to keep away from the void ’ s boundary nodes which have less energy .Our simulation results verified SIENGR algorithm ’ s performance in aspect of networks ’ lifetime ,load balancing and packet delivery .%在实际的无线传感器网络中，由于路由空洞的存在，采用边缘转发机制的地理路由算法容易使空洞边缘的节点由于负载较重，能量快速消耗从而过早的死亡，导致空洞进一步的扩大．为了使网络负载更加均衡，延长网络生命周期，提出了一种基于能量信号机制的地理路由算法SIENGR ．SIENGR将节点的初始能量划分3个能量区间，并用能量信号来标识节点的剩余能量所处的能量区间．SIENGR算法的边缘转发机制结合节点的能量信号，利用空洞边界节点的所有平面邻居节点来轮流承担边缘转发的数据量，使产生的路由能够根据节点能耗的情况，自适应地避开空洞边缘能量较少的热区节点，均衡热区附近节点的能量消耗，防止空洞扩大．仿真结果验证了SIENGR算法在网络生命周期、网络能耗均衡、数据包到达率等指标上的性能．