定量研究晚白垩世以来陆地生态系统演化格局和过程的新进展

摘要

陆地植物的起源和演化与全球气候环境存在着密不可分的关系，而且地质历史时期全球气候环境和植被均呈动态变化。被子植物在白垩纪开始出现，并发生强烈分化，成为植物界的主宰，这对全球陆地生态系统的演化格局和过程产生重要影响。大量保存在地层中具有叶相特征的被子植物叶化石对认识这一过程提供了极为重要的生物学信息。简述了利用被子植物的叶相对古气候、古地理等进行定量分析的研究历史。“气候与叶片多变量分析程序”(Climate|Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program CLAMP)颇具特色，运用CLAMP在定量解释古气候等方面可以得到准确而精确的结果。这对定量重建晚白垩世以来全球陆地气候环境变化的格局与过程具有十分重要的意义，并对今后的深入研究作了展望。%The origin and evolution of land plants is closely related to their surrounding global environments.They exhibit dynamic trends through the Phanerozoic.Angiosperms appeared in the Early Cretaceous,and dominated the vegetation on the Earth in the Late Cretaceous.They had a great impact on the patterns and processes of evolution of global terrestrial ecosystems.Numerous angiosperm leaf remains deposited in the strata are believed to document biological information such as physiognomic characteristics,and it can be employed to account for the processes.This article briefly reviews the research activities of quantitative analysis of palaeoclimate and palaeogeograghy using leaf physiognomy.In the early 1990s,Climate-Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program(CLAMP)was developed.CLAMP is characteristic of accuracy and precision pertaining to the estimates of palaeoclimate,and very important to quantitative reconstruction of the patterns and processes of evolution of global terrestrial ecosytems.Future research directions are also prospected.