黑龙江省不同地点蒙古栎林生态特点研究

摘要

通过对黑龙江省6个地点的天然蒙古栎林的结构和更新特点的分析，蒙古栎林可划分为不同特点的蒙古栎群落，即纯蒙古栎群落、蒙古栎桦树群落、蒙古栎槭树群落、蒙古栎红松群落和蒙古栎红松混交林群落，其演替趋势如下：红蒙古栎群落、蒙古栎桦树群落至蒙古栎槭树群落、蒙古栎红松群落，再至蒙古栎红松混交林群落。蒙古栎群落类型的多样性主要反应群落不同的演替阶段，造成蒙古栎群落多样性的原因是人类活动和自然因素作用的结果。随着群落的演替，蒙古栎的优势地位逐渐被削弱，乔木种类丰富度增多，草本种类丰富度增多；蒙栎的相对密度下降，林内环境由干燥逐渐变中性至较湿润；蒙古栎幼苗和幼树在总幼苗和幼树中所占的比例下降，耐荫物种如色木槭等的幼苗和幼树所占比例上升；在演替过程中，蒙古栎分布格局聚集分布的聚集程度逐渐降低，并向随机分布的方向发展。%According to regeneration characteristics,Quercus mongolica forests in Heilongjiang Province could be divided into 5 types:pure oak forest,oak-birch forest,oak-maple forest,oak-pine forest and oak-pine mixed forest.Their successional trend is from pure oak forest to oak-birch forest,oak-maple forest,oak-pine forest and oak-pine mixed forest.The diversity of oak forests reflects different successional stages.Human activity and other disturbances are responsible for different regeneration characteristics.Fire and human activities have increased the dominance of oak forest.With community succession,the richness of tree species and relative density of the seedling and sapling of maple and red pine increase and the dominance of mature oak tree and relative density of the seedling and sapling of oak tree decrease.The distribution pattern of oak is from clumped to random distribution.