省域森林生态安全评价——基于5省的经验数据

摘要

Ecological security is an important component of national security.The ecological situation in some areas has reached a point of extreme gravity.Air pollution,water pollution,soil pollution,and other environmental problems have garnered increasing attention of the government and citizens.The people in these places are eager to improve the ecological environment.As an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem,forests safeguard the ecology and provide resources for the survival and development of human society;thus,forests play an important role in the national ecological security.Based on the interaction among the forest ecosystem,nature,and human society,an evaluation index system of the provincial ecological security was established from four aspects,such as the status of forest resources,geo-climatic conditions,socio-economic pressure,the level of forest resource management practices and response to pressure.Accordingly,the annual forest ecological security situation (2004-2014) of Guizhou Province,Hubei Province,Zhejiang Province,Jilin Province and Qinghai Province was evaluated based on the forest ecological security index model.The results indicated that the status of forest resources was the major factor among the four indices.The overall situation of the forest ecological security in the five provinces listed above tended to improve over the study period.However,significant differences were observed among them.The status of the forest ecological security in Jilin Province was superior to that of the other provinces,while Qinghai exhibited significantly lower values of the Forest Ecological Security Index (FESI).In the process of economic development,afforestation,protection of existing forests,especially the natural forest,should be strengthened to maintain the forest ecological security.%生态安全是国家安全体系的重要组成部分.面对严峻的生态环境形势,以及大气污染、水污染、土壤污染等严重的生态环境问题,改善生态环境的需求和呼声越来越迫切.作为陆地生态系统的主体和重要资源,森林是人类生存发展的重要生态保障,森林关系国家生态安全.基于森林生态系统与自然、人类社会系统的交互关系,从森林资源状况、地理气候条件、地区社会经济压力、人类管护响应状况四个方面构建省域森林生态安全评价指标体系,并建立森林生态安全指数模型.选取我国五个具有代表性的省份:贵州、湖北、浙江、吉林、青海作为试点省份,对其2004-2014年的森林生态安全状况进行评价和对比.结果表明:影响森林生态安全状况的最主要因素是森林资源类因子,在研究期内,5省森林生态安全状况大体上处于改善状态,但省与省之间森林生态安全状况差异显著,吉林省在研究期内森林生态安全整体状况最好,青海省森林生态安全状况较脆弱.在发展经济的同时,应该加强造林,重视对森林资源的管护,尤其要注意对天然林的保护,维护森林生态安全.