黄土高原生态水文过程研究进展

摘要

以黄土高原水文过程为主线,围绕水资源短缺、水量分布不均衡、水文过程的复杂性和非稳态等特性,梳理了黄土高原水文过程的主要现状及研究进展,包括水资源分布、水量平衡和水文循环等过程;融合生态水文尺度效应,从土壤、微生物、植物冠层、坡面、流域和景观等方面归纳和总结了黄土高原生态水文过程;针对该区生态水文过程的时空异质性,提出未来更需要通过多学科交叉与融合手段,加强宏观与微观过程的集成与联网研究;采用多尺度、多要素、多时空的综合观测与模拟手段,定量重要生态功能区水分承载力及生态阈值;从生态学和水文学方面揭示不同时空尺度下水分转移与分配特征;为解决黄土高原水资源的宏观调控与最优分配模式提供理论基础.%This review focused on ecohydrological processes with the issues of water scarcity,distribution,and complexity and uncertainty of ecohydrological processes in the Loess Plateau.Firstly,the current situations and principal aspects of the eco-hydrological processes in the Loess Plateau were reviewed,including water resources,balance,and cycling.Secondly,six aspects of the eco-hydrological processes were summarized from soil,soil microorganisms,plant canopy,slope,catchment,and landscape with the scale effects.Finally,based on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the ecohydrological processes,certain principal future strategies regarding of ecohydrological processes were proposed:(i) strengthening the networking of macro-and microprocesses by muhidisciplinary integration methods,(ii) quantifying the threshold of water-carrying capacity based on the long-term observation and model simulation with the multiple scale,multiple factors,and multiple temporal and spatial scales,and (iii) expounding the characteristics of the transfer and distribution of ecohydrological processes in different scales in ecology and hydrology.Overall,this review will help in exploring the problems regarding macro-adjustment and optimal allocation patterns for water,and provide a guide of strategies and technological demands for ecological restoration and construction in the Loess Plateau.