小麦花药药壁表皮细胞结构与功能研究

摘要

单核花粉粒时期，药壁表皮细胞内具丰富的核糖体、粗面内质网、高尔基体、内嵴发达的线粒体，线粒体内嵴具显著的细胞色素氧化酶活性，细胞核和核仁上具显著的ATP酶活性，细胞处于旺盛的生命活动状态。这种旺盛的活性一直维持到花粉粒成熟。二细胞花粉粒时期，药壁表皮细胞中积累大量的来自于药隔细胞的球型颗粒，在药隔薄壁细胞内也看到了同样的颗粒，且药壁表皮细胞内球型颗粒的数量变化与花粉粒对营养物质的需求呈负相关。初步认认，药壁表皮细胞内的球型颗粒是来自于药隔组织营养物质供大于求剩余物质的积累，药壁表皮细胞在花粉粒发育后期可能具有对来自花药药隔维管组织的营养物质贮存的功能%A study of activity and ultrastructure on the epidermis in thepollen development was made using ultracytochemical localization and transmission electron microscopy techniques.During mononuclear pollen stage,there were a number of ribosomes,rough ER,Golgi bodies and mitochondria with obvious cytochrome oxidase on their cristal membrane in the epidermis cells.Meantime obvious ATPase activity was also observed in the nucleus and nucleolus.Active metabolims in the cytoplasm was taken place in the epidermis cells from mononuclear stage to pollen mature.At binuclear stage,a lot of globular grains from vascular tissue in anther were accumulated in the epidermis.Similar grains were observed in the vascular parenchyma cells.Accumulated amount of the globular grains in the epidermis was opposite to demanded amount of nutrition to pollen.We concluded that the globular in the epidermis cells was the accumulation of rest nutrition from vascular tissue,and that the epidermis cells may have actions of storing nutrition at the late pollen development stage