高盐碱胁迫下野生大豆(Glycine soja)体内离子积累的差异

摘要

We used pot cultivation with coastal soil containing total 3% salinity to identify the salt tolerance of 895 wild soybean plants collected in the Tianjin and Tangshan regions of China, and to determine Na+, Cl+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ contents in the stems and leaves of 203 plants that died at different stages and at maturity. The aim was to evaluate the differences of ion accumulations in the dead and survival wild soybean plants, and to discuss the mechanism of salt tolerance. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the content of every ion (Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) among these plants with a different survival time during the vegetative growth period. When the content of Na+ or Cl- was accumulated to a certain high level in plants, the low salt-tolerant plants would be dead. Wild soybean individuals could die when their stems accumulated Na+ and Cl- to the range of 3.239-4.682% and 4.639-6.328%, and their leaves accumulated Na+ and Cl- to the range of 1.754-2.349% and 4.126-5.073%, respectively. The salt-tolerant plants could be divided into three types of low, moderate, and high levels in ion accumulations. The contents of Na+ and Cl- in the stems and leaves of the high salt-tolerant plants were less than those of the low salt-tolerant ones. With survival time prolonging, the contents of K+ in the stems and Ca2+and Mg2+ in the leaves were increased. There were two types for the content levels of Na+ and Cl- ions in stems and leaves of the survival plants, I.e. A low-level accumulation and a high-level accumulation, suggesting that the salt-tolerant wild soybean lines may have two kinds of mechanisms for the salt tolerance: one is high bearing and another is low absorption.%在总含量3％高盐碱原土盆栽条件下,对搜集于津唐盐碱地895份野生大豆材料进行全生育期耐盐碱性鉴定.通过测定203株凋亡植株及收获植株茎、叶中Na+、Cl-、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的含量,分析高盐碱胁迫下野生大豆植株离子含量的分布及野生大豆植株凋亡和成熟时体内离子积累程度,并探讨耐盐碱型野生大豆的耐性机制.结果表明,野生大豆植株在营养生长期间,盐碱胁迫致死植株茎、叶无机离子含量在不同存活时间组间并未达显著水平,Na+和Cl-积累达到一定含量即出现凋亡现象,致死植株茎中Na+和Cl-离子范围分别为3.239％～4.682％和4.639％～6.328％,叶中分别为1.754％～2.349％和4.126％～5.073％;能够存活到成熟的耐盐碱型野生大豆植株茎叶Na+和Cl-含量存在低、中、高3种类型.高耐型野生大豆茎、叶平均Na+和Cl-含量显著低于低耐盐型,且茎中K+和叶中Ca2+和Mg2+含量较高.在高耐型野生大豆植株茎叶中也存在Na+和Cl-离子含量高水平和低水平两种类型,推测野生大豆可能存在两种耐盐碱机制,其一为高耐受性,其二为低吸收性.