黄淮麦区小麦主栽品种粒重与籽粒灌浆特性的关系

摘要

研究粒重与籽粒灌浆特性的关系对提高小麦产量潜力和稳定性具有重要意义.采用 Logistic 方程, 对2012—2015连续3年度种植在河南安阳的14份黄淮麦区主栽品种和苗头品系的粒重及其籽粒灌浆特性研究表明, 粒重和灌浆速率参数主要受基因型控制, 灌浆持续时间主要受环境影响.不同粒重类型品种间平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率和各时期灌浆速率均存在显著差异, 表现为高粒重>中等粒重>低粒重, 灌浆持续时间则差异不显著.灌浆速率, 特别是快增期灌浆速率快慢是造成品种间粒重差异的主要原因.粒重与所有灌浆速率参数均呈显著正相关(P<0.001),与快增期灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率的相关系数分别为0.97和0.90, 与灌浆持续时间相关不显著.建议采用平均灌浆速率对相关性状进行基因定位, 以进一步改良黄淮麦区小麦品种的粒重.%The knowledge on relationship between grain weight and grain-filling parameters is important for yield potential and stability improvement of common wheat. Logistic equation was used for fitting the grain-filling dataset from 14 leading cultivars and advanced lines, sown at Anyang, Henan province in three successive seasons from 2012 to 2015. The results showed that grain weight and all grain-filling rate (GFR) related parameters were mainly influenced by genotype, while grain-filling period related parameters were mainly influenced by environment. There was significant difference on all GFR parameters including the average and the highest GFR, and those in the three periods among cultivar groups based on grain weight, showing a trend of high-grain-weight cultivar > medium-grain-weight cultivar > low-grain-weight cultivar, whereas there was no significant differ-ence for grain-filling period related parameters among the cultivar groups. GFR, especially in the fast increase period, was the major factor that made the significant difference of grain weight among cultivars. Positive correlations between grain weight and all GFR related parameters were observed (P < 0.001), with the coefficients of 0.97 for GFR in the fast increase period and 0.90 for average GFR, whereas no significant correlations were found between grain weight and grain-filling period related parameters. Therefore, average GFR was proposed to be used in quantitative trait loci mapping to improve grain weight of wheat in the Yellow and Huai Rivers Valley.