绿色防控模式对叶菜害虫的控制作用及综合效益评价

摘要

To explore the efficiency of the comprehensive application of the integrated control practices based on“green techniques”, the effect of integrated technology on the population dynamics , structure and diversity of pests in various modes were studied , and its practical effect on the production was evaluated by the method of environmental economics , and compared with those under chemical control .The results showed that the pest control efficiency in integrated prevention plot based on “green techniques” was much better than those in the control plot of conventional application , and its effect on the insect community in vegetable was reflected from the species structure , the diversity index and the distributive evenness of species , especially the dominant pest insects and predatory natural enemies.With green techniques applied in vegetable fields , the chemical insecticide application and the index of population trend of dominant pest insects were decreased greatly , the control effect of natural enemies on major insect pests was increased, the diversity index of insect was increased at the same time .The economic, social and environmental benefit per 667 m2 quarterly in ecological ( green techniques ) control field were added by 2979.1 , 806.3 and 1042.9 yuan, respectively, obviously better than those benefit in ecological control field .Thus, the scientific application of green techniques , through limited use of chemical insecticides , resumed the destroyed environment of vegetable fields and escalated the control ability of natural enemies to main insect pest , would play an important role in the ecological control of insect pests in vegetable fields .%为探索绿色防控技术集成应用的综合控害效果和应用效益，比较了2种不同防控模式下害虫种群动态、菜田昆虫结构组成与多样性变化的影响，用环境经济学方法评价了绿色防控技术应用于生产的实际效果，并与化学防治为主的常规防控区的综合效益进行对比。结果表明，绿色防控模式下菜田优势害虫的控制效果显著优于常规防控区；对田间昆虫群落特征的影响主要表现在物种组成、多样性指数及物种分布的均匀性等方面，尤其对优势害虫、捕食性天敌等影响更为明显；通过综合应用绿色防控技术，化学农药的用量减少，菜田主要害虫优势集中性指数降低，天敌数量和作用增加，多样性指数增大；绿色防控区采用生态控制的方法，每667 m2每季可实现经济、社会、环境效益分别为2979.1，806.3，1042.9元，明显优于常规防控区。因此，科学应用绿色防控集成技术，减少化学农药用量，改善生态环境，逐步增强天敌对优势害虫的控制能力，这在菜田害虫生态控制中具有重要作用。