水分传感器埋设位置对温室基质栽培番茄生长特性的影响

摘要

为研究实时控制灌溉系统下水分传感器埋设位置对温室基质栽培番茄生长特性的影响,提高温室基质栽培水分管理的精准化、智能化.以京番301为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,共设6个处理,每处理重复3次,共需18个水分传感器.采用相同的水分上下限指导灌溉,分析不同处理对番茄的生长指标、光合指标、品质、产量、干物质、灌溉指标及植株养分的影响.结果表明,T3(距滴头水平距离10 cm,距滴头垂直距离10 cm)处理生长指标较好,根系发达,净光合速率和蒸腾速率累计值均最大,植株鲜质量最大,干物质积累最多,根冠比也最大.T1(距滴头水平距离5 cm,距滴头垂直距离10 cm)处理植株养分积累最多,T4(距滴头水平距离10 cm,距滴头垂直距离15 cm)处理光能捕获效率最高.但T3处理番茄果实口感较好,Vc含量最高,产量最大为59 749.21 kg·hm-2,显著高于其他处理;水分生产效率也最高为9.58 kg·m-3,并显著优于T2(距滴头水平距离5 cm,距滴头垂直距离15 cm)处理.综上,对于基质槽栽培番茄来说,在采用1个水分传感器监测水分的条件下,将其埋设在距滴头水平距离10 cm,距滴头垂直距离10 cm位置更合理.%In order to study the effects of moisture sensor embedded position of real-time control irrigation system on growth characteristics of tomato in greenhouse, and to improve the precision and intelligence of water management in greenhouse substrate culture, the variety of Jingfan 301 was selected as the tested tomato, and single factor randomized block design of experiment was carried out with a total of 6 treatments and 3 replicates in each treatment.Using the same water upper and lower control irrigation, the effect of different treatments on growth indicators, photosynthetic indexes, quality, yield, dry matter, irrigation indicators and plant nutrients of tomato were analyzed.The results showed that T3 treatment (horizontal distance of 10 cm, vertical distance of 10 cm) had stronger root system, higher root to shoot ratio;and the accumulated values of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were the highest, as well as the biggest plant fresh weight.T1 treatment (horizontal distance of 5 cm, vertical distance of 10 cm) had biggest plant nutrient accumulation.T4 treatment (horizontal distance of 10 cm, vertical distance of 15 cm) had highest light energy conversion.But, T3 treatment (horizontal distance of 10 cm, vertical distance of 10 cm) showed the highest ratio of sugar to acid and Vc content, and the production was up to 59 749.21 kg·hm-2, significantly higher than other treatments.Water production efficiency in T3 treatment (horizontal distance of 10 cm, vertical distance of 10 cm) was the highest, which was up to 9.58 kg·m-3 and better than that of T2 treatment (horizontal distance of 5 cm, vertical distance of 15 cm).According to the comprehensive analysis, for greenhouse tomatoes, the matrix moisture sensor at 10 cm from horizontal distance and 10 cm below the dripper was the suggested treatment.