The pollen of No. 5 , No. 27 and No. 35 of clones of Carya illinoensis was chosen as the experimental material to study the pollen viability and pollen morphology with SEM in different processing modes, plucking time and powder numbers. The results indicated that there are significant differences in the pollen viability in different processing modes, plucking time and powder numbers, also in the Polar axis and equatorial axis of the pollen of these three clones. The form of pollen is ellipsoid and has three apertures which are evenly disposed on the equatorial plane. The equatorial plane of the pollen of these three clones is oval in shape, while the polar planes of clones No. 5 and No. 27 are nearly round and that of No. 35 nearly triangular. There are indifferent granular veins on the surface of the pollen with granular risings equally distributed. This paper provides palynology basis for the origin, evolution and phylogenetic relationship of Carya illinoensis, and foundation of the selection and breeding of new varieties, and cross-hybrid breeding.%以薄壳山核桃无性系5号、27号、35号花粉为试验材料,测定了不同处理方式、不同采摘时期和不同出粉次数下的花粉活力,同时利用扫描电子显微镜对其花粉形态进行了观测.结果表明,不同处理方式、不同采摘时间和不同出粉次数下收集的同一薄壳山核桃无性系花粉,其活力存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).3个无性系花粉极轴长(P)和赤道轴长(E)存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),花粉粒形状均为扁球形,具有3个萌发孔,均匀分布在赤道面上；3个无性系花粉赤道面观均呈椭圆形,无性系5号和27号极面观呈近圆形,而无性系35号极面观呈近三角形；3个无性系花粉表面呈颗粒状纹饰,均匀分布着颗粒状的突起,表面纹饰差异不明显.通过研究薄壳山核桃花粉的超显微结构,可为薄壳山核桃品种的起源、演化以及种类间亲缘关系等提供孢粉学依据,为薄壳山核桃的新品种选育、杂交育种奠定初步基础.
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