稻草全量还田对双季水稻生长和土壤肥力的影响

摘要

A localization field experiment,designed with four treatments,i.e.CK,NPK,rice straw incinera-tion and chemical fertilizers ( SINPK) ,total rice straw incorporation and chemical fertilizers ( SNPK) ,was conducted to examine the effect of rice straw incorporation on the tiller dynamic of double cropping rice ,yield, chemical and physical properties of soil ,and economic efficiency under the conditions of equal nitrogen ,phos-phorus and potassium nutrients .The results showed that returning rice straw to field increased the next year ’ s early rice yield,and compared with that of NPK and SINPK treatments ,the production increased by 8.6%and 3.1%respectively ,while early returning rice straw to field had little impact on the yield increase of late rice .Consective multi-seasonal returing of rice straw directly to field was beneficial to the improvement of the condi -tions of soil aeration ,enhancement of soil fertility and production gain .The total rice straw incorporation not on-ly improved rice yield ,soil aeration porosity and soil nutrient content ,but also reduced the production cost and improved the economic benefit of production grain .%通过设置不施肥、单施化肥、稻草烧灰还田＋化肥和稻草全量还田＋化肥4个处理的大田定位试验，在等量氮磷钾养分条件下，研究稻草全量还田对双季稻分蘖动态、产量、土壤理化性质以及经济效益的影响。结果表明：晚稻稻草还田有利于翌年早稻产量的提高，较单施化肥和烧灰还田处理相比，产量分别提高了8．6％和3．1％；而早稻草还田对晚稻的增产效果不明显。稻草连续多季直接还田有利于改善土壤的通气状况和提高土壤肥力以及提高生产收益。稻草全量还田不仅提高了水稻的产量，改善了土壤的通气孔隙度和提高了土壤养分含量，而且还减少了生产成本，提高了种粮的经济效益。