粳型光温敏感雄性核不育系开花习性研究

摘要

对2个粳型光温敏感雄性核不育系和3个其他水稻材料进行了栽培试验.结果表明:温度在28℃以上,湿度在51.5％～86.0％,参试材料均能正常开花,最适宜开花环境为:温度31.3～33.2℃,湿度51.5％～55.8％.粳型二系不育系有4个开花高峰,开花数量各占全天开花量的26.2％、32.0％、32.9％、8.9％,呈现出开花高峰多、开花过程时间长的特点.籼型恢复系‘浦恢22 ’开花集中,开花量大,全天有2个开花高峰,开花量占全天开花量的96.1％,开花时间早于粳型二系不育系,花时差达50～80min;在制种中只能以第2开花高峰37.8％的开花量与粳型二系不育系相遇,影响制种产量.因此,选育花时早而集中、异交率高的粳型不育系,成为粳籼亚种间杂交选育超高产杂粳组合、提高制种产量和大面积推广的关键.%The cultural experiments with two japonica-type P(T) GMS lines and three other rice materials were carried out to observe their flowering habits. The results showed that all the test materials could flower normally when the temperature was above 28℃ and the humidity was 51. 5% -86. 0% ,and the best flowering conditions were 31. 3 - 33. 2 ℃ and 51. 5% - 55. 8% humidity. The P (T) GMS lines had four flowering peaks, and their flowering numbers accounted for respectively 26. 2%,32.0%,32. 9% and 8.9% of the full-day flowering number, being characterized by multiple flowering peaks and long flowering duration. The Indica-type restorer 'Puhui 22' had two flowering peaks whose flowering number accounted for 96.1% of the full-day flowering number,and its flowering time was 50 - 80 min earlier than the P(T) GMS lines' .Only the 2nd flowering peak of 'Puhui 22' which contained 37.8% of the whole flowering number could meet the P(T) GMS lines,thus affecting the production of hybrid seeds. Therefore selecting japonica-type P(T) GMS lines that flower early and concentratedly and have a high outcrossing rate is the key to cross breeding between Indica-type and japonica-type subspecies so as to improve the production of hybrid seeds and largely popularize In-dica-japonica hybrid rice production.