地膜不同覆盖方式对大棚中小气候及黄瓜生长的影响

摘要

在大棚栽培条件下，研究了全地膜覆盖和畦面地膜覆盖对大棚中环境条件及黄瓜生长的影响。结果表明：大棚全地膜覆盖较畦面地膜覆盖可以有效提高低温时期大棚中的土壤温度，降低棚内空气湿度，4月初大棚土壤温度最高可以提高约2℃，空气湿度最多可以降低11．5％；大棚全地膜覆盖增加了不同时期黄瓜单位叶面积鲜重、叶绿素含量和净光合速率，试验品种‘春秋王’和‘春秋王2号’平均单株总产量较对照分别提高了23．6％和16．9％；大棚全地膜覆盖使黄瓜2个品种霜霉病病情指数分别降低24．3％和22．0％，整个田间灌水量减少40％。%The vinyl house culture of two cucumber cultivars-‘Chunqiuwang’,‘Chunqiuwang 2’-was carried out under plastic mulching on whole ground and on ridge surface.The results showed that compared with plastic mulching on ridge surface,plastic mulching on whole ground could effectively raise soil temperature and drop air humidity in vinyl houses at a low temperature stage,increasing soil temperature by about 2 ℃ and decreasing air humidity by 11 .5% in early April;Plastic mulching on whole ground improved the fresh weight per unit leaf area,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cucumber at different stages,and both ‘Chunqiuwang’and ‘Chunqiuwang 2’cultivars’aver-age total yields per plant were respectively 23.6% and 16.9% higher than those of control ones;Plas-tic mulching on whole ground made both cultivars’disease indexes of downy mildew decrease by 24.3% and 22.0% respectively,and meanwhile the entire irrigation water amount was reduced by 40%.