南方地区大樱桃栽培的主要限制因子及针对性改良措施

摘要

从栽培管理（品种选择、土肥水管理、整形修剪、授粉品种配置、生长调节剂的使用、设施栽培）和树体特性（需冷量、光合特性、夏季高温和降水对花芽分化和雌、雄配子发育进程的影响）两方面分别阐述了长江中下游的暖冬地区大樱桃的结果习性，分析了大樱桃引种过程中发生“花而不实”、坐果率低下、花器官畸形率异常偏高的原因，以期为长江以南温暖地区大樱桃引种及高效优质栽培提供理论依据，并为广大南方地区大樱桃的引种和推广栽培的可能方式和途径选择提供参考。%The fruiting habits of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)in warm winter regions as Yangtze River region were studied in terms of two aspects:First,cultivation and management such as cultivar selection,fertilizer,water and plant growth regulator management,trimming,pollination varieties deployment,facilities cultivation techniques;Second,intrinsic factors such as chilling requirement,photosynthetic characteristics,effects of high temperature and rainfall in summer on gametes development process and flower bud differentiation.The reasons of abnormal growth were analyzed,such as poor fruit set,abnormal flower organs and high irregular-fruit-rate,which could provide theoretical support for introduction and high efficiency cultivation of sweet cherry in Shanghai as well as other warm winter regions in southern China.