早熟优质抗病小果型西瓜新种质的创制与利用

摘要

为解决现有小果型西瓜品种抗病抗逆性差、坐果困难、产量低、不适合周年栽培的缺陷,采用多元杂交和定向自交系统育种方法,借助西瓜枯萎病和蔓枯病的苗期人工接种鉴定技术,育成早熟性好、耐低温弱光、易坐果、优质、抗病的小果型西瓜新种质W2-1-2、W1-11-2、W2-3-3及W2-7-1.以育成新种质为核心亲本,通过不同种质间杂种优势的测配及多点区试鉴定,育成优质、高糖、易坐果、耐储运、综合抗病抗逆性强、栽培适应性广的小果型西瓜新品种‘圣女红3号’.该品种已通过了国家西瓜甜瓜品种审定委员会的鉴定及江苏省和北京市农作物品种审定委员会的审定,在江浙沪皖鲁赣等地区累计推广达3 000 hm2以上.%In order to improve the biotic and abiotic resistance,fruit setting rate and yield,and the ability to cultivate whole year around in small fruit watermelon,hybridization among multiple parents and directional inbred systemic breeding method was employed in this study.Through seedling artificial inoculation technology with watermelon fusarium wilt,new germplasm lines,W2-1-2,W1-11-2,W2-3-3 and W2-7-1 were developed with early maturity,tolerance to low temperature and weak light,easy fruit-setting,good quality,and resistance to fusarium wilt.Through test crossing with these germplasm lines as core parental lines,new hybrid variety 'Shengnvhong 3'with high sugar content,easy fruit-setting,tolerance to transportation and storage,and wide adaptation were developed.Through yield testing in multiple loci,this hybrid variety had been approved by national watermelon and melon variety appraisal committee and crop variety appraisal committee in Jiangsu and Beijing.The total acreage of this variety in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shanghai,Anhui,Shandong,and Jiangxi had reached over 3 000 hm2.