我国工程边坡生态修复几个重大技术问题的认知与实践

摘要

从工程技术和产业发展的角度，总结了我国高速公路、铁路和城市化发展过程中，工程边坡生态修复的物种多样性布局、 V型槽种植带建植、机械化施工及国产林草种产业发展等工程技术难点和解决途径。研究指出：（1）以灌木为主，建立乔灌草立体生态体系，是我国路域边坡生态重建的技术发展方向，也是改造草被生态的有效技术手段；（2）岩石边坡缺乏土、肥、水等植物生存基础，通过多层次布局V型槽种植带、回填种植土的方式，可获得自然覆绿的效果；（3）路域工程生态修复规模大、工期短，采取以机械喷混为主的创新技术是我国生态工程机械化、规模化施工的必由之路；（4）道路边坡和城市边坡是我国重要的土地资源，在生态修复过程中，重点布局喷播优良产种林草，建立国产林草种业基地。%From the aspects of engineering technology and industry development , this article summarized the technical diffi-culties and solutions of the species diversity distribution of slope eco-restoration, the establishment of V groove planting belt , planting mechanization construction, and the development of domestic plant seeds industry , during the developing in Chinese highway, railway and urbanization.The results showed that:( 1) The establishment of shrub dominated stereo ecological system was the direction of technology development of Chinese slope ecological reconstruction , and was also the effective technical way to transform the grass ecosystem.(2) Although there was lack of soil, fertilizer, water and other basic conditions on rock-slope, through the multiple level arrangement of V groove and backfill soil techniques, could reach the effect of natural cover.(3) Due to the large scale and short duration of ecological restoration of road engineering , therefore, the key way to innovative technology based on mechanical mixing and the inevitable course for mechanize and large scale eco-engineering in China.( 4) Road slope and city slope was important land resources , therefore, focus on the distribution of spraying fine seed producing grass and the es-tablishment of the domestic grass seed industry in the process of ecological restoration .