基于成本收益的秸秆资源不同利用方式的经济学分析

摘要

This paper estimated the cost and benefit in four different utilization modes of straw returning to field, straw power generation, straw feed, and straw biogas based on the cost-benefit analysis method, and expanded the economic analysis in terms of farmers, governments, companies and markets at the same time.The results showed that unit net income of straw from highest to the lowest were straw feed, straw power generation, straw biogas, and straw returning to field.The cost of collection and trans-portation was the highest in the total cost of different utilization modes of straw, in addition, technology, capital, household be-havior and other factors also affected the comprehensive utilization of straw.Finally, four aspects of the policy recommendations were proposed, guiding role of the government should be played, research and development of straw returning technology and farmers’ policy subsidies should be strengthened, effective straw collection and transportation system should be established, re-search and promotion on the technology of comprehensive utilization of straw should be strengthened.%基于成本收益分析法，分别测算了秸秆还田、秸秆发电、秸秆制饲料、秸秆制沼气4种不同利用方式的成本与收益，同时从农户、政府、企业和市场等方面展开经济学分析。结果表明：单位秸秆净收益由大到小依次为秸秆作饲料＞秸秆发电＞秸秆制沼气＞秸秆还田。秸秆不同利用方式的总成本构成中秸秆收储运输成本最大，此外技术、资金、农户行为习惯等因素也影响了秸秆综合利用。最后提出了4个方面的政策建议：发挥政府的引导作用、加强对秸秆还田技术研发的支持及农户的政策补助、建立高效的秸秆收储运输体系，以及强化对秸秆综合利用技术的研发和推广。