桃树主干形和开心形冠层结构特征与果实质地关系的研究

摘要

以大久保主干形和开心形2种树形为研究对象,应用 CI-110冠层分析仪分析了2种树形的冠层结构特点和果实质地之间的差异及其相关性,结果表明: 主干形的光斑值、光合有效辐射和林隙分数显著低于开心形,而叶面积指数和平均叶倾角显著高于开心形;开心形内聚性、胶着性和咀嚼性分别比主干形高24.00%、28.68%和27.31%,均达到极显著水平;而粘性则低64.1%.开心形树冠不同部位果实质地一致性优于主干形.冠层特征参数与果实质地参数间存在显著相关性,其中叶面积指数与内聚性、弹性、胶着性和咀嚼性之间呈极显著的负相关,与粘性呈极显著正相关;平均叶倾角与弹性和咀嚼性呈极显著负相关;林隙分数与粘性呈极显著负相关,与内聚性、弹性、胶着性和咀嚼性之间呈极显著的正相关.由此可知,叶面积指数、平均叶倾角和林隙分数可初步作为冠层分析的主要指标,冠层分析仪的应用可能成为果树树形评价的新方法和提供理论依据.%The characteristics of canopy structure of main-trunk-type and open-central-type "Okubo" peach trees were studied by using CI-110 plant canopy analyzer, and the relationship between canopy structure and fruit texture was analyzed.The results showed that the sunfleck value, photosynthetically active radiation and gap fraction of main-trunk-type peach trees were significantly lower than those of open-central-type peach trees, while the leaf area index and mean leaf dip angle of the former were significantly higher than those of the latter.The cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of open-central-type peach trees were respectively 24.00%, 28.68% and 27.31% higher than those of main-trunk-type peach trees, and the differences all reached a very significant level.Whereas, the adhesiveness of open-central-type peach trees was 64.1% lower than that of main-trunk-type peach trees.The consistency of fruit texture in different positions of open-central-type peach trees was better than that of main-trunk-type peach trees.The significant correlations were found between the canopy characteristics parameters and fruit texture indexes, for example: the leaf area index was very significantly negatively correlated to the cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness, but it was very significantly positively correlated to the adhesiveness;the mean leaf dip angle had a very significantly negative correlation with the springiness and chewiness;the gap fraction was very significantly positively correlated to the cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness, but it was very significantly negatively correlated to the adhesiveness.Therefore, leaf area index, mean leaf dip angle and gap fraction can initially be used as the main indicators of canopy analysis.