不同管理措施对日光温室环境因子的影响

摘要

以南疆兵团第三师五十三团3连日光温室为对象,采取不同揭被程度、揭被时间、通风时间、揭被-通风时间等管理措施,研究了温室内环境因子的变化.结果表明:日光温室内外的气象因子是相互关联、互相影响的.在扣棚升温期,揭被程度大,晴天温室内光照、气温、土壤温度显著增加,降雪则降低了温室内气温;在花期,揭被、通风、揭被-通风管理措施中,温室内温湿度、光照等环境因子的变化与外界趋势相同,紧密相关.早揭被,温室内升温较快,降湿度较慢;早通风,升温较慢,降湿较快;早揭被-通风,升温较快,降湿效果明显,5 cm土壤温度变化趋势与气温相同.因此,在扣棚升温期,应注重通风降湿,改善温室光照条件,使气温、地温同步升高;在花期,晴天可早揭被-通风,阴天晚揭被、通风,注意适时盖被保温.%The changes of environmental factors in solar greenhouse were studied in Xinjiang by taking different management measures such as quilt-uncovering and ventilation. The results showed that the meteorological factors inside and outside the solar greenhouse were interrelated and interactive. In the period of greenhouse-buckling and temperature rising, the quilt-uncovering degree was great, and the illumination, air temperature and soil temperature in greenhouse in sunny day increased obviously;while snowfall could reduce the air temperature in greenhouse. At the flowering stage of peach tree,under different quilt-uncove-ring and ventilation managements,the environmental factors such as temperature,humidity and illumination inside greenhouse re-vealed the same changing trend as those outside greenhouse. The temperature in greenhouse increased rapidly,while the humidity decreased slowly when quilt-uncovering was early. The temperature in greenhouse increased slowly,while the humidity decreased rapidly when the ventilation was early. Early quilt-uncovering and early ventilation made the temperature in greenhouse rise faster and the humidity decline faster; the variation trend of air temperature and 5-cm-deep soil temperature was the same. Therefore, in the period of greenhouse-buckling and temperature rising,we should pay attention to ventilation and humidity reduction,in or-der to improve greenhouse illumination condition and make air temperature and ground temperature rise simultaneously. At the flowering stage of peach tree, we should conduct quilt-uncovering and ventilation earlier in sunny day or later in cloudy day,and timely cover cotton quilt to keep warm.