苎麻打顶对低位分枝扦插苗生长发育和纤维产量品质的影响

摘要

以中苎一号、湘苎三号、Tri-1和R057苎麻品种(系)为材料和以常规扦插苗为对照,对打顶后的低位分枝扦插苗新植麻的生长发育及其纤维产量品质进行研究,结果表明,在生长发育过程中尤其是扦插苗移栽的前期,低位分枝扦插苗的单株根系干质量、根系体积、根数量、根长度、根粗、茎分技数、比叶面积和群体叶面积系数、生长率和相对生长率均大于常规扦插苗,且差异达极显著,说明相对于常规扦插苗新植麻,苎麻低位分枝扦插苗新植麻根系活力的增强为其贮藏积累养分供地上部分生长起到了较大的促进作用,而地上部分具有旺盛的分株力且分株时期早有利于多收麻.低位分枝扦插苗新植麻在纤维产量上都略高于常规扦插苗新植麻,不同品种在株高、茎粗、鲜皮厚度和鲜皮出麻率上差异均不显著,在原麻产量上差异显著而在有效株数上差异达到了极显著,说明对苎麻低位分枝扦插苗新植麻的产量起主要作用的是有效株数.在纤维品质上,低位分枝扦插苗新植麻优于常规扦插苗新植麻,在纤维支数上差异极显著而在其他性状上则差异均不显著,说明打顶有利于低位分枝扦插苗新植麻的纤维支数的提高.%With four ramie varieties of Zhongzhu No. 1 ,Xiangzhu No. 3 ,Tri-l and the new strain R057 as materials, and routinal cutting plant as control,the growing development and yield-qualities affected after topping in the new plant of low branches cutting plant on ramie were studied. The results showed that the low-branches new cutting plant on ramie has higher root dry-weight,root volume,root number,root length,root diameter,stem division and leaf area ratio of the plant, and the low-branch new plant ramie also has significantly higher leaf area coefficient, growth rate and relative growth rate of the populations than the regular method, and the different of both were significant, which the root activity of new plant of the low branches cutting plant on ramie have facilitation to growth of the overground part because to the nutrients accumulated, while the luxuriant stem division growth' of the overground part and the prior stem division favor for yield. The yield of the new plant of low branches cutting plant on ramie were a little higher that of the regular,the differences of plant height,stem diameter,fresh bark thickness and fibre rate of fresh bark among varieties were no significant, while the difference of yield was significant and the difference of the effective tiller number was very significant, which the effective tiller number has main function to the yield of the low branches cutting plant on ramie. The fibre qualities of low branches cutting plant on ramie were better than that of the regular and the difference of fibre finess was significant while the other characterices such as the breaking strength, breaking elongation, rate of elongation, breaking work and initial modulus were no significant, which showed the topping was favorable to the improvement on fibre finess of the low branches cutting plant on ramie.