长期定位施肥对冬小麦籽粒品质的影响

摘要

Aim of the study was to investigate the effect of long-term fertilization on the quality of wheat grain including protein,starch,and fat content by the winter wheat grain of 26th and 36th year.The long-term experiment included treatments of addition of pig manure at 30 (1 38 kg /ha,M1 )and 60 (276 kg /ha,M2 )t /ha alone,com-bined application pig manure and low (N 1 ,1 38 kg /ha)or high (N 2 ,276 kg /ha)amount of chemical N fertilizer, and no N fertilization (CK).The content of protein and amino acid increased with the amount N from manure and chemical fertilizer,while starch and crude fat content showed in opposite direction.Compared with CK,M1 ,or M2 , combined application of manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (M1 N 1 ,M1 N 2 ,M2 N 1 ,M2 N 2 )significantly increased the content of protein and amino acid by 1 5.2%-43.9% and 1 0.4%-56.7%.The content of Glutamic acid in the amino acid composition was the highest,and the Proline was the most affected by the application of nitrogen fertiliz-er.At the same level of organic fertilizer,the content of starch and crude fat in low amount of chemical nitrogen fer-tilizer was higher than that in high nitrogen fertilizer;under the same amount of nitrogen,the proportion of organic fertilizer was more conducive to the improvement of winter wheat starch,crude fat content.In general,long-term ap-plication of chemical N fertilizer benefited to the increase of content of protein,and application manure increased the starch and crude fat content.%为提高冬小麦籽粒营养品质，利用莱阳长期定位施肥试验第26，36年产出的冬小麦籽粒，研究了长期单施有机肥及其配施化学氮肥对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质、淀粉、粗脂肪等主要品质指标的影响。结果表明，随施氮量的增加，蛋白质和氨基酸含量上升，而淀粉和粗脂肪含量下降。与不施肥（CK）或单施有机肥（M1、M2）相比，有机无机配施（M1 N 1、M1 N 2、M2 N 1、M2 N 2）蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别提高15．2％～43．9％，10．4％～56．7％；谷氨酸在氨基酸组分中含量最高，脯氨酸受氮肥施用影响程度最大。在同一有机肥投入水平下，低量化学氮肥投入处理的淀粉、粗脂肪含量高于高量化学氮肥投入处理；在等氮量投入下，有机肥供氮比例越大越有利于提高冬小麦淀粉、粗脂肪含量。研究表明，以提高蛋白质含量为生产目的时，应多施氮并提高化肥氮所占比例，而以淀粉和粗脂肪为目的时，应提高有机肥所占比例。