长期定位秸秆还田对土壤真菌群落的影响

摘要

为了研究不同秸秆还田条件对土壤真菌群落的影响，利用连续进行6年的莱阳潮土区长期定位秸秆还田试验与 ITS rRNA 扩增子测序技术，研究了小麦、玉米秸秆还田条件下，各处理土壤真菌群落的微生物多样性变化。结果表明，施用秸秆和有机肥能够提高土壤真菌群落多样性。秸秆还田后土壤真菌优势种群为子囊菌、接合菌和担子菌。主成分分析表明，各处理间微生物含量存在差异。两季秸秆还田配施氮肥处理能显著增加土壤全氮、有效磷、有效钾、有机碳含量。两季秸秆还田配施氮肥处理的土壤全氮、有效磷、有效钾、有机碳含量与蔗糖酶、脲酶、纤维素酶活性显著高于两季秸秆还田处理，与此同时，两季秸秆还田配施氮肥提高了当季玉米产量。这说明，秸秆还田施用氮肥显著增加土壤养分含量，增强土壤酶活性，有利于土壤真菌群落的多样性和稳定性的提高，改善土壤生态环境，从而促进作物增产。%A next-generation,Illumina-based sequencing approach was used to characterize the bacterial com-munity development of the long-term straw returning soil.Five treatments (soil without fertilizer,wheat and corn straw returning,wheat straw returning,manure,and wheat and corn straw returning)were tested in this study.In this study,the microbial diversity of soil fungi was studied by ITS rRNA PCR technology.The results showed that the community was composed of 3 dominant groups (Ascomycota,Zygomycota,Basidiomycota).Principal component analyses revealed that the microbiota were significantly different among treatments.The WCN treatment could signif-icantly increase soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and organic carbon content.The WCN treatment showed relatively higher soil total N,available P,available K,and organic carbon and invertase,urease, and cellulase activities than WC treatment,and this treatment also had the higher maize yield.Our experimental re-sults suggested that application of N fertilizer at straw returning soil had significantly higher soil fertility,enzyme ac-tivities than straw returning,alone,which resulted in a different bacterial community composition.