耕作方式与秸秆还田对川中紫土土壤碳库与玉米产量的影响

摘要

为探明不同耕作方式和小麦秸秆还田对川中丘陵地区紫色土壤碳库和玉米产量的影响,于2015,2016年设置了秸秆还田旋耕(RTS)、秸秆还田免耕(NTS)、秸秆不还田旋耕(RT)、秸秆不还田免耕(NT)4个处理,研究耕作方式与秸秆还田对川中紫土土壤碳库与产量的影响.结果表明:秸秆还田提高了土壤有机碳含量,2016年玉米成熟期0~10 cm和10~20 cm有机碳NTS较NT处理分别提高了21.9%,1.6%,RTS较RT处理分别提高了23.1%,15.9%.与秸秆不还田相比,2015年玉米成熟期秸秆还田0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤活性有机碳含量分别提高了40.1%, 17.5%,2016年则分别提高了70.0%,16.0%.秸秆还田能提高土壤碳库活度(A)、活度指数(AI)、碳库指数(CPI)和碳库管理指数(CPMI).免耕处理提高了土壤碳库活度、活度指数和碳库管理指数,与旋耕处理相比,免耕处理0 ~10 cm和10~20 cm土层碳库活度指数分别提高了15.7%,28.9%,碳库管理指数分别提高了12.5%,46.6%.RTS较NT处理产量提高了35.3%.%In order to explore the influence of different tillage modes combined with straw-returning on the pur-ple soil carbon pool in the hill in Middle Sichuan and the maize yields. The experiment set four treatments in 2015 and 2016:RTS(Rotary tillage with straw),NTS(No-tillage with straw),RT(Rotary tillage),NT(No-tillage).The results showed that straw returning increased the soil organic carbon content,soil organic carbon increased by 21.9% in 0-10 cm depth and 1.6% in 10-20 cm depth compared NTS treatment with NT treatment during the maize maturity 2016.And compared RTS treatment with RT treatment,the soil organic carbon increased by 23.1% and 15.9% at the same time. Compared with straw not returning to the field,straw-returning treatment increased the soil active organic carbon by 40.1% in 0-10 cm depth and 17.5% in 10-20 cm depth during the maize maturity 2015.In 2016,the soil active organic carbon increased by 70.0% and 16.0%. Straw-returning increased soil car-bon pool activity,activity index,carbon pool index and carbon pool management index. No tillage treatment in-creased soil carbon pool activity,activity index and carbon pool management index. Compared with rotary tillage treatment,no tillage treatment increased soil layer carbon pool activity by 15.7% in 0-10 cm depth and 28.9% in 10-20 cm depth,carbon pool management index increased by 12.5% and 46.6%. The yields increased by 35.3% compared RTS with NT.