玉米大豆播期衔接对间作大豆干物质积累及产量的影响

摘要

为完善玉米/大豆间作的播期衔接技术,在西南地区寻求合适的玉米、大豆播期.试验在田间采用二因素裂区设计,以玉米/大豆间作模式下3个玉米播期:早播(A1:5月15日)、中播(A2:5月30日)、晚播(A3:6月14日)与3个大豆播期:早播(B1:5月30日)、中播(B2:6月14日)、晚播(B3:6月29日)为对象,研究不同玉米、大豆播期对大豆的干物质积累、器官分配比率及产量的影响.结果表明:大豆开花后作物生长率、单株干物质积累量、荚果分配率和产量均在玉米中播时最高,开花后作物生长率较玉米晚播时高出33.2%;在R4、R6生育时期,单株干物质积累量和大豆荚果分配比率分别比玉米晚播时高32.4%,17.9%和26.3%,23.9%;大豆产量较玉米晚播时高75.7%.玉米中播时衔接不同播期的大豆,其单株干物质积累量、荚果分配比率和产量均在大豆早播时最高,在R4、R6生育时期,大豆单株干物质积累量与荚果分配比率比大豆晚播时分别高195.4%,58.5%和33.9%,26.7%;大豆产量较大豆晚播时高出128.7%.在玉米/大豆间作下,玉米中播(5月30日)间作大豆早播(5月30日),即玉米大豆同时播种时,可提高大豆开花后作物生长率,增加单株干物质累积量、籽粒分配率和产量.%To explore the effect of different maize and soybean sowing dates on soybean yield,dry matter accumulation and partitioning ratio,provided reference to increase crops yield in maize-soybean intercropping system.The field experiment was conducted with three maize sowing dates:early seeding(A1:May 15 th),middle seeding(A2:May 30 th),late seeding(A3:June 14 th),and three soybean sowing dates:early seeding(B1:May 30 th),middle seeding(B2:June 14 th),late seeding(B3:June 29 th).In maize middle seeding, the soybean growth rate after blooming was 33.2% significant higher than maize late seeding;dry matter accumulation per plant and pod distribution rate of soybean were 32.4%, 17.9% and 26.3%,23.9%significant higher than maize late seeding in R4, R6;soybean yield was 75.7%significant higher than maize late seeding.Compared with soybean middle seeding under maize middle seeding treatment, the soybean dry matter accumulation per plant and pod distribution rate were 195.4%,58.5% and 33.9%, 26.7%significant higher than soybean late seeding in R4, R6;soybean yield was 128.7%significant higher than soybean late seeding.It turned out that sowing maize and soybean simultaneously significantly improved the growth rate after soybean blooming,increased dry matter accumulation per plant,pod distribution rate and yield in maize-soybean intercropping system.