国内高速列车气动噪声研究进展概述

摘要

随着运行速度的提升,气动噪声逐渐成为高速列车最主要的噪声源,并极有可能成为新设计高速列车的一个技术瓶颈.开展高速列车气动噪声研究,明晰高速列车气动噪声机理与规律,发展低噪声高速列车外形设计对更高速度级的高速列车研发具有重要意义.本文主要对自2010年以来国内进行的高速列车气动噪声研究进行梳理总结.首先详细介绍了高速列车气动噪声研究采用的一系列方法,主要从实车试验、风洞实验以及数值模拟方法三个方面展开.在掌握高速列车气动噪声研究方法的基础上,进而探讨了当前高速列车气动噪声研究的现状,重点就高速列车气动噪声源识别、主要噪声源机理与特性、噪声源优化等方向进行了阐述,并明确了当前研究获得的一些主要结论.最后简要探讨了高速列车气动噪声未来可能的研究方向.%As the running speed increases,aerodynamic noise gradually becomes the main noise source for high speed trains,and may act as a bottleneck for the design of new-designed high speed trains.It is very crucial to perform the study on aerodynamic noise of high speed trains,to uncover the mechanism of the aerodynamic noise and to develop high speed trains with lower aerodynamic noise.In the present paper,research results on the aerodynamic noise of high speed trains from 2010 in China have been overviewed.Firstly,the investigation methods adopted for the study of aerodynamic noise of high speed trains are introduced in detail.Real vehicle tests, wind tunnel test, and numerical simulations are the three main approaches adopted by the researchers and industry.Consequently,these three approaches and some key procedures are discussed.Secondly,based on the research results,the research status on the aerodynamic noise of high speed trains are discussed,and the following aspects are summarized:the identification of the aerodynamic noise sources,the mechanism and characteristics of the main noise sources,and the optimization of the aerodynamic noise sources.Some clear conclusions among these results are also introduced.In the end,the possible trends for the study on the aerodynamic noise of high speed trains in the future are discussed.