日夫科夫领导的保加利亚改革及其眼中的戈尔巴乔夫

摘要

Bulgaria economic reform was earlier than that of the Soviet Union, carried out in 1963, but political reform was delayed. After Mikhail Gorbachev was the general secretary of the Soviet communist party, Bulgaria communist leader Todor Zhivkov wrote a letter to him, providing some opinions about the Soviet model of socialism, but without response. Gorbachev and Zhivkov had different ideas about China, and the Bulgaria communist’s “July conceptualization” did not get the Soviet Union’s recognition. At the same time, Bulgaria’s political and economic reform were deep in crisis. Todor Zhivkov had his own idea about Gorbachev, a man not so decisive and full of flubdub. On November 10th , 1989, Zhivkov resigned under compulsion after 33 years in power, in which Gorbachev had his own function .%　　保加利亚进行经济体制改革要早于苏联，在1963年便开始尝试，但政治改革一直迟滞。戈尔巴乔夫任苏共中央总书记后，保共领导人日夫科夫曾致信戈尔巴乔夫，提出自己对苏联模式社会主义的一些看法，但没有得到回应。日夫科夫与戈尔巴乔夫对中国的评价并不一致，1987年保共出台的“七月构想”也没有得到苏联的认可，与此同时，保加利亚的政治、经济改革也陷入危机之中。日夫科夫对戈尔巴乔夫有自己的评价，认为戈氏行动不够果敢，其改革尽是空话。1989年11月10日，执政33年的日夫科夫被迫辞去党政职务，戈尔巴乔夫在其中起了推动作用。