媒体动员在制度变迁中的角色--以2011年以来的中国红十字会事件为例

摘要

By making or getting involved in public events, media mobilization has been taken as an important motivation for institutional changes during the development of Chinese political society. However, when it comes to the public events and the organizational changes which happened to Red Cross Society of China since 2011, the result of the analysis towards the internal and external structure of political system which based on multiple streams theory shows that media mobilization only plays a role of identifying problem, shaping critical public opinion, integrating framework and brewing national emotions but has no effect in the core areas of institutional changes like forming alternative programs or promoting policy entrepreneurs. In this sense, its role can only be considered as the mouthpiece of society and should never be over-exaggerated or over-optimistic.%通过制造或介入公共事件，媒体动员在当前中国政治社会发展中被视为制度变迁的重要动力。但是，以2011年以来中国红十字会遭致的一系列公共事件危机及其组织变迁为例，利用多源流理论对政治系统内外结构的分析却表明，媒体动员只是在问题流环节发挥着问题识别、舆论批评、框架整合与国民情绪酝酿的作用，而在替代性备选方案形成、政策企业家推动等制度变迁的核心领域则并无效能。因此，媒体动员在制度变迁中只是发挥着“社会喉舌”的角色，而不能过于夸大或过分乐观。