Highly sensitive nanomaterial based electrochemical biosensor.

摘要

The application of nanomaterials can be historically traced back to even before "modern" science and technology (for example: used nanoparticles as dye materials in ceramics). Nanoscience and nanotechnology include the areas of synthesis, characterization, exploration, and application of nanostructured and nanosize materials. Nanomaterials have been the subject of intense current research due to their unique structural, electrical, and mechanical properties.;Special attention in this dissertation has been focused in the use of carbon nanotubes (CNT), a relatively new material that were discovered in 1991, which have unique electronic properties. Their unique structural features, combined with mechanical, electrical, chemical, magnetic, and optical properties have enabled their use for many applications. One important application is their use for the fabrication of novel modified sensors and biosensors, with particular focus on electrochemical approaches. CNT and inorganic films-based primarily on ruthenium was used to design a sensor for insulin detection, which showed a high degree of electrocatalytic, stability, and sensitivity behavior towards this important biological compound.;A new type of biocomposite material was fabricated using a mixture of nanotubes, graphite powder, enzyme composite and poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a polymer binder. This new biocomposite was used to fabricate a needle-type biosensor for subcutaneous implantable purposes. The sensor had an extended linear range, high selectivity, and stability. The sensor has a size of 0.52 mm o.d. with a cylindrical sensing cavity in which the resulting biocomposite detection element was placed.;The optimization, characterization, and attractive performance of these entire novels CNT based electrochemical sensors and biosensors will lead to a significant improvement in the area of clinical and medicinal studied. An improvement of the development of miniaturized sensor for a real-time in vitro measurements based on electrochemical was achieved.;The first use of electrochemistry with magnetically-controlled droplet movement has been demonstrated. Electrochemistry holds great promise for assays of ultra-small environments. This new technique employs superhydrophobic surfaces to drastically reduce friction, thus allowing uncovered droplets (containing paramagnetic particles) to be moved rapidly in air rather than in oil. Such magnetic movement and manipulation of droplets (and samples) on surfaces and hold promise for a wide range of bioanalytical applications.