Poland's Place In The Soviet Bloc: Historical And Cultural Linkages, Political Transformation, And Everyday Economic Alternatives In Gdansk and Walbrzych.

摘要

The aim of this study is to arrive at a holistic understanding of Poland's place in the Soviet Bloc, 1945 - 1989. The study considers historical and cultural linkages between Poland and Russia, drawing parallels and contrasts which have shaped the destinies of both nations. It explains how Poland became part of the Soviet system, the successes and failures of the system, and how common people adapted to and eventually altered the system. Special emphasis is placed on the 'lived experience' of the last decade of socialism (1979 - 1989), including oral histories of subsistence economic strategies, black market trading, alternative employment scenarios, parallel political action, and underground communications (samizdat or bibula.) The study makes several contentions based on interview data, oral histories, and direct communications with over 50 individuals, mainly in the cities of Gdansk, on the Baltic Coast, and Walbrzych, 400 miles south on the Polish - Czech border. Among these contentions is that survival in Poland's dysfunctional economy in the decade before the 1989 transition depended on innovation, self-initiative, networking, and risk-taking - traits usually associated (by Westerners) with entrepreneurialism in a capitalist economy - not with daily life in a communist state. The study demonstrates a prevalence of a 'proletarian work ethic' rivaling any found in the West, two very different 'versions' of socialism (greatly dysfunctional in Gdansk while a 'golden age' in Walbrzych), and a vast propensity for a transition bringing social democracy, not unregulated 'Wild East' capitalism as fetishized by Western neoconservatives in an effort to co-opt the Soviet Bloc transition to their service.