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The use of an inertial measurement unit in the flight testing of a small, remote-piloted air vehicle.

机译:在惯性小型飞行器的飞行测试中使用惯性测量单元。

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摘要

A 3 meter-span, unmanned air vehicle has been flight tested in order to find its dynamic modes of motion, in-flight Euler angles, and in-flight angles of attack and sideslip angles. Instrumentation included an inertial measurement unit, a GPS, and a 3-axis sonic anemometer.;Before flight, the inertial measurement unit was calibrated for rotation rate, temperature, and acceleration. Each of these calibrations was linear.;The dynamic modes were estimated based on aircraft geometry, mass, and moments of inertia. For the short period pitch, Dutch roll, and roll modes, the estimates were compared to results from flight and were found to match. The Phugoid and spiral modes were found to be impractical to flight test due to space constraints and atmospheric turbulence, respectively. The low wing loading of the UAV strengthened the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the rate gyro data.;The Euler angles were calculated from rate gyro data and compared to other measurement or calculation methods, including a ground-based video camera and equations using GPS and sonic anemometer data. It was found that roll and pitch angle errors fluctuate around zero due to coupling between the Euler angle equations. Yaw angle, however, does not exhibit this behavior. It was established that Euler angle drift rates of less than 6°/s can be achieved through calculation from rate gyros and that better results may be obtained by updating the Euler angles with outside sources of information.;The angles of attack and sideslip angles were calculated from rate gyro and GPS data and compared to sonic anemometer calculations. It was found that angle of attack calculated the former way did not match the sonic anemometer calculations due to error in pitch angle and possibly the GPS' slow, 4 Hz update rate. Sideslip angle did match the sonic anemometer data after accounting for error in yaw angle and GPS lag.;These results can be used as a foundation for the improvement of cheap, light flight testing equipment for small UAVs.
机译:为了找到其动态运动模式,飞行中欧拉角,飞行中迎角和侧滑角,已对3米跨距的无人飞行器进行了飞行测试。仪器包括一个惯性测量单元,一个GPS和一个三轴声速风速计。;在飞行之前,对惯性测量单元进行了转速,温度和加速度的校准。这些校准都是线性的。动态模式是根据飞机的几何形状,质量和惯性矩估算的。对于短时俯仰,荷兰语侧倾和侧倾模式,将估计值与飞行结果进行比较,发现是匹配的。分别由于空间限制和大气湍流,Phugoid模式和螺旋模式被认为不适用于飞行测试。无人机的低机翼载荷增强了大气湍流对速率陀螺仪数据的影响。;从速率陀螺仪数据计算出欧拉角,并将其与其他测量或计算方法(包括基于地面的摄像机以及使用GPS和GPS的方程式)进行比较声波风速计数据。发现由于欧拉角方程之间的耦合,侧倾角和俯仰角误差在零附近波动。但是,偏航角不表现出这种行为。通过速率陀螺仪的​​计算可以确定小于6°/ s的Euler角漂移率,并且通过使用外部信息源更新Euler角可以获得更好的结果。;攻角和侧滑角分别为从速率陀螺仪和GPS数据进行计算,然后与声速计进行比较。结果发现,由于俯仰角的误差以及GPS的缓慢4 Hz更新速率,以前一种方式计算出的迎角与声速计的计算结果不匹配。计入偏航角和GPS滞后误差后,侧滑角与声速计数据相匹配。这些结果可为改进小型无人机的廉价轻型飞行测试设备提供基础。

著录项

  • 作者

    Londner, Edward Hale.;

  • 作者单位

    Purdue University.;

  • 授予单位 Purdue University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Aerospace.
  • 学位 M.S.A.A.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 181 p.
  • 总页数 181
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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