An interdisciplinary approach is used in this study of Lower Pescado, a seasonal farming village of the Pueblo of Zuni. This multi-component site, occupied and abandoned by Zuni ancestors in the fourteenth century, was reoccupied in the nineteenth century; separated by time and historic context, the components are linked by geography and ethnicity. Temporal emphasis is on the onset of United States colonial rule in the nineteenth century.; The historic settlement landscape at Zuni was a result of spatial decisions made in the context of a dynamic set of economic, social, and political stimuli. Residential mobility, allowing the exploitation of outlying resource areas and the maintenance of a central settlement with integrative functions, is adaptive in a colonial setting. Historical accounts, paleoclimatological data, and locational analysis identify four factors as instrumental in shaping this landscape. Relations of production associated with the phased addition of European domesticates to the traditional economy required changes in the locations and configurations of sites. Defensive requirements selected for a clustered settlement configuration, while the development of American forts briefly provided a market for surplus Zuni grain, encouraging irrigated wheat agriculture at permanent springs. After 1870, non-Zuni encroachment probably contributed to continued growth of the farming villages, whereby the built environment and the association with Zuni ancestral sites marked use rights to land and important resources along the edges of the core settlement area.; Survey and archaeological testing at Lower Pescado Village documented the cultural (re)construction of place. Variables used in the comparative analysis of the farming village and the underlying fourteenth-century pueblo were architecture, site structure, and material culture. Differences were related to the role of the site in the regional settlement system and change over time. The reuse of structural elements of the underlying pueblo resulted in an archaic, formal configuration that contrasted with the informal arrangement of space. Overlapping activity areas, the lack of elaborate site furniture, and an "impoverished" material culture are in accord with expectations for seasonal sites. Functional differences in ceramic assemblages underscored differences in activities at the two components, while faunal differences reflected the committment to sheep pastoralism during the Historic Period. Euroamerican artifacts were rare and stratigraphically late; the appearance of new ceramic vessel forms exemplifies the recasting of European introductions in Zuni material idioms.
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