Genetic regulation of vascular and floral patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana.

摘要

The mechanisms that genes use to direct patterns of development are of fundamental interest. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, I have investigated aspects of these mechanisms in the separate processes of vascular and floral development. Specifically, I conducted a screen for vascular-defective mutants, and analyzed a region of the genome that regulates the expression of the floral homeotic gene, AGAMOUS ( AG).; In this report, I describe the identification of over forty mutants that are abnormal in tracheary element development or vein patterning. The spectrum of mutant phenotypes that I observed indicates that the mechanisms that pattern primary and secondary veins of leaves or cotyledons are at least partially separable; that among the genes that affect vascular development, a significant proportion are repressors of vascular differentiation; and that the majority of vascular mutants that can be identified in this type of screen have pleiotropic phenotypes.; I characterized two of the mutants, varicose ( vcs) and scarface (sfc), in more detail. vcs mutants are temperature sensitive, and at the non-permissive temperature, accumulate distended tracheary elements around veins. VCS is also required at an early stage of leaf development for normal vein patterning, and interacts with the AUXIN RESISTANT 1 gene in this process. sfc mutants fail to develop normal, contiguous vein networks in cotyledons, leaves, sepals, and petals. It is specifically the secondary and higher order veins in these organs that are affected by the mutation. sfc mutants have exaggerated responses to exogenous auxin, and the SFC gene overlaps in primary and secondary vein patterning functions with an auxin-response factor gene{09}MONOPTEROUS.; This report also includes an analysis of the cis-regulatory regions that control expression of AGAMOUS, a gene that when properly expressed in two central domains of the developing flower, directs the formation of carpels and stamens. My dissection of an AG intragenic region demonstrated that AG expression in stamens can be activated independently of carpels. Moreover, the stamen-specific expression pattern was found to be independent of APETALA2, a known negative regulator of AG, while the carpel-specific expression pattern was shown to be independent of LEUNIG, another negative regulator of AG.