The application of real -time PCR to investigate the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on the plant pathogen Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli.

摘要

The effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis at reducing the incidence of root diseases has received considerable attention. However, information on the role of mycorrhizae in reducing disease incidence of Fusarium root rot of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), caused by the root pathogen Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, is scarce. A study was undertaken to investigate how the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices affects disease development and population number of F. solani f. sp. phaseoli in the mycorhizosphere of bean plants growing in an experimental microcosm unit. This newly designed unit facilitated the spatial monitoring and quantification of both the symbiont and pathogen in different ecological soil regions of the mycorrhizosphere using compartmentation based on a physical segregation of roots, colonized or not by AMF (rhizosphere), AMF mycelium alone (mycosphere), or none (bulk soil). To study the interaction between both organisms, the experimental set-up consisted of a randomized complete block design using bean seedlings pre-colonized or not for 28 days by G. intraradices and infected or not for 6 days with F. solani f. sp. phaseoli. Monitoring of population number of the symbiont and the pathogen in bean plants and in the different mycorrhizosphere soil compartments was achieved with quantitative real-time PCR using specific molecular probes for each fungus, and with cultivation-dependant or morphological based methods. The results of this study indicated that non-mycorrhizal bean plants infected with the pathogen had typical root rot symptoms while infected plants that were pre-colonized by G. intraradices remained free of disease. The population number of F. solani f. sp. phaseoli was significantly reduced in the root system and in each of the mycorrhizosphere soil compartments of mycorrhizal infected plants. The mycorrhizosphere population of G. intraradices was not significantly modified, although the percent of roots colonized was increased by the presence of the pathogen. The results suggest that the reduced Fusarium root rot symptoms and pathogen population is caused by a systemic biotic or abiotic alteration of the mycorrhizosphere induced by colonization with G. intraradices.