A multimodal treatment program for children with ADHD: A 16-month follow-up.

摘要

The Child ADHD (i.e., Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) Multimodal Program (CAMP) is an empirically supported intervention program for children with ADHD, parents, and teachers. CAMP includes: (1) children's training group promoting social skills, impulse control, and anger management, (2) parent training group, and (3) home and school-based behavioral consultation services. The first objective of this study was to examine outcomes of CAMP in comparison to child only group training (C1) at baseline and 16 month follow-up in externalizing problems, parental stress, parental efficacy, and family routines and resources. Second, the relationship between child-, parent- and family-centered variables at baseline and change scores on externalizing problems between baseline and 16-month follow-up was examined. Twenty families were randomly assigned to C1 or CAMP. The mean age of the four girls and six boys in C1 was 77.2 months. Eight children were Caucasian, 1 was African-American, and 1 was Asian. For CAMP, 9 participants were Caucasian males with a mean age of 70.3 months. Sixteen-month follow-up data was collected via telephone interview with parents. Repeated measures ANOVAs and ANCOVAs were computed, and fewer statistical differences were found between groups at follow-up than expected. However, CAMP exhibited clinically significant differences within and between groups on all areas measured (i.e., Effect Sizes). CAMP was clinically superior to C1 at follow-up on externalizing problems, parental stress, parental efficacy, and family routines and resources. Jacobson and Turax's (1991) standard error of difference statistic was computed. CAMP participants exhibited greater percentages of reliable change and/or reliable change with recovery on the Oppositional, Cognitive Problems/Inattention, and ADHD scales of the Conner's Parent Short Form. A linear regression was computed to examine the relationship between child-, parent-, and family characteristics at baseline and treatment outcome at follow-up for C1 and CAMP. No significant relationship was found. Results suggest that many clinically significant improvements experienced by children across groups are maintained at follow-up. CAMP participants exhibit clinically significant improvements over C1 in externalizing problems, parental efficacy, parental stress, and family routines and resources at follow-up. Results of the current study suggest that CAMP provides targeted, clinically potent, and lasting benefits.