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A three-dimensional four phase compositional streamline simulator with parallel implementation.

机译:具有并行实现的三维四相组成流线型模拟器。

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Finite-difference method is widely used for solving large-scale multiphase displacement problems, e.g., displacement of oil by water/gas in heterogeneous petroleum reservoirs. Drawbacks of finite difference methods are numerical dispersion, grid orientation, small time step size (limited by the CFL condition), and large computation time. To overcome these problems, streamline methods are being developed in which fluid is transported along the streamlines instead of the finite difference grid. Larger time steps and higher spatial resolution can be achieved in these simulations.; In this work, a three-dimensional black oil and compositional streamline module is developed and integrated with an existing finite difference simulator to study water flooding and gas injections in a quarter five spot pattern. The 3-D multi-component material balance equation is decomposed into 1-D equations along the streamlines using the streamline time of flight as the spatial coordinate. Pressure field is solved in the conventional finite difference manner and streamlines are traced from injector to producer. Gravity effects are added using operator splitting technique to account for the gravity segregation due to density differences. This simulator can handle the formation and flow of the fourth phase (third hydrocarbon phase) which is observed in CO2 injections into certain types of oils under specific conditions. Different forms of higher order TVD schemes are implemented to construct an accurate numerical solution along the streamlines by reducing the impact of numerical dispersion.; A parallelized version of compositional streamline simulator is also developed to run large scale simulations using multiple processors. The streamline module is parallelized by distributing streamlines among different processors because computations along any streamline are independent of other streamlines and no communication is required. Flux calculation along streamlines is computationally expensive primarily due to flash calculations that are performed to distribute components among the hydrocarbon phases. Simultaneous solution of this time consuming step results in reduction of total CPU time.; Predictions from streamline simulator are in good agreement with the finite difference simulation results. Streamline method is faster than conventional finite difference method. Gravity segregation is observed in gas injection and water flood simulations. Use of lower order schemes produced more error in miscible displacement problems due to alteration of composition path than in immiscible displacement problems. Gas injection simulation of the reservoir oil indicates that three hydrocarbon phases exist near the gas-oil displacement front. The influence of horizontal well length on the breakthrough sweep efficiency is observed. As the length of the horizontal well is increased, streamlines tend to bend towards the toe of the well thereby resulting in lower volumetric sweep.
机译:有限差分法被广泛用于解决大规模多相驱替问题,例如非均质石油储层中水/气驱替油。有限差分方法的缺点是数值离散,网格方向,较小的时间步长(受CFL条件限制)和较大的计算时间。为了克服这些问题,正在开发流线方法,其中沿着流线而不是有限差分网格传输流体。在这些模拟中可以实现更大的时间步长和更高的空间分辨率。在这项工作中,开发了三维黑油和成分流线模块,并将其与现有的有限差分模拟器集成,以研究四分之一五点模式的注水和注气。使用流线飞行时间作为空间坐标,沿着流线将3-D多组分物料平衡方程分解为1-D方程。以常规的有限差分方式求解压力场,并从注入器到生产商追踪流线。使用算子拆分技术添加重力效应,以解决由于密度差异导致的重力偏析。该模拟器可以处理在特定条件下将CO2注入某些类型的油中观察到的第四相(第三烃相)的形成和流动。实现了不同形式的高阶TVD方案,以通过减少数值离散的影响来沿流线构建准确的数值解。还开发了并行版本的合成流线模拟器,以使用多个处理器运行大规模仿真。流水线模块通过在不同处理器之间分配流水线而并行化,因为沿着任何流水线的计算都独立于其他流水线,并且不需要通信。沿流线的通量计算在计算上是昂贵的,这主要是由于进行了闪速计算以在烃相之间分配组分。同时执行此耗时步骤的解决方案可减少总CPU时间。流线型模拟器的预测结果与有限差分模拟结果非常吻合。流线法比常规的有限差分法更快。在注气和注水模拟中观察到重力偏析。与组成不混合的位移问题相比,由于成分路径的改变,在混合位移问题中使用低阶方案会产生更多的误差。储层油的注气模拟表明,在油气驱替锋面附近存在三个烃相。观察到水平井长度对突破扫掠效率的影响。随着水平井长度的增加,流线趋向于向井底弯曲,从而导致较低的体积扫描。

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