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词义扩展的认知机制

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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Systematicity of Language

1.2 Lexical Meaning Extension

1.3 Lexical Meaning Extension and Polysemy

1.4The Objectives and Significance of the Thesis

1.5 The Organization of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Concepts and Conceptualization

2.2 Categories and Categorization

2.3 Image Schemata

2.3.1 Orientation Schema

2.3.2 Orientation Schema

2.3.3 Part-whole Schema

2.3.4 Link Schema

2.3.5 Center-periphery Schema

2.3.6 Source-path-goal Schema

2.3.7 Force Schema

2.4 Idealized Cognitive Models

2.4.1 Propositional Models

2.4.2 Image-schematic Models

2.4.3 Metaphoric Models

2.4.4 Metonymic Models

Chapter 3 General Process of Lexical Meaning Extension

3.1 Nature of Lexical Meaning Extension

3.2 Steps of Lexical Meaning Extension

3.3 Cognitive Mechanism of Lexical Meaning Extension

Chapter 4 Cognitive Mechanism of Sense Extension of Orientational Word

4.1Orientational Schemata

4.2Orientational Concepts

4.3 Divergence of the Sense Extension of Up/Down

Chapter 5 Cognitive Mechanism of Sense Extension of “Foot”

5.1 Foot as a Part of the Human Body

5.2 The Function of Foot

5.3 Divergence of the Sense Extension of Foot

Chapter 6 Cognitive Mechanism of Sense Extension of “Red”

Chapter 7 Conclusion and Future Research

7. 1 Conclusion

7.1.1 On Orientational Concepts and Schemata

7.1.2 On Image Schemata

7.1.3 Metaphorical Mechanism of Sense Extension

7.2 Future Research

7.2.1 Idealized Cognitive Models

7.2.2 Culture and Sense Extension

Bibliography

Acknowledgements

摘 录

Excerpt

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摘要

本论文旨在从认知语言学角度阐释词义扩展的过程和认知机制,研究词义变化的规律。论文中的“词义”指语言符号所具有的外延意义。“词义扩展”指一个词汇的意义由于表达的需要向另一个意义领域延伸的过程。本论文主要采用英、汉词汇的对比分析,通过对方位介词、名词和形容词的词义扩展过程的分析展示出一类词扩展的过程和认知机制。文章通过对英、汉语中“上/下”、“足”和“红”义项扩展的分析,得出如下结论:空间方位意象图式源于人与外界环境的相互作用。空间方位的意象图式或空间概念的隐喻投射一般是将不具有物理意义的事物空间化,从而使那些抽象的、非空间的概念或意义借助人们最熟悉的物理空间概念得以理解。概念是实现隐喻和转喻的基本要素。隐喻和转喻是词义扩展的加工机制,意象图式、概念就是加工的“原材料”,这些“原料”通过隐喻和转喻的加工产生了多义。

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