第三方称谓视点选择的语用学研究——以《红楼梦》中的亲属交际为例

摘要

称谓是语用学和社会语言学研究中的重要领域，称谓的选择是一种指称视点的选择，其选择原则一直受到语用学家的广泛关注。以往对于指称视点选择原则的研究主要存在两方面不足:第一，绝大多数研究都是规定性研究。研究者们致力于总结出决定指称或称谓语选择的规定性原则，却忽略了交际者的能动作用和语境对于语言选择的影响。第二，关于称谓选择的交际的场景，以往的研究者主要以两方交际为主要研究内容，忽略了三方交际场景的特殊情况。本论文认为，交际者是交际的主动参与者而非被动接受者，交际者在话语设计和理解中都有不容忽视的能动作用。称谓视点选择的研究需要结合说话者目的和动态的交际场景进行描写而非规定性的研究，并且需要考虑三方交际的场景。
　　本文从语用学的角度，以《红楼梦》前八十回中三方亲属交际为语料，选取其中三方亲属交际的场景自建语料库，以Baxter&Montgomery(1996)的辩证对话关系理论及互动模型为理论基础，提出称谓视点选择的互动关系模型，并对第三方亲属的指称视点和说话人意图进行分类分析。试图通过对这种类型的称谓选择进行描写性分析，总结出三方交际场景下称谓选择的特征及语用规律。
　　基于语料的分析作者论证了三方交际的称谓视点选择互动关系模型，在三方交际的场景中视点和三方关系是一个互动的过程，这个过程既以各方关系为基础又受说话人目的影响，具体表现在两方面:一、称谓的选择以三方交际中的各方关系为基础，视点的选择是对关系的反应，在平等关系类型中第一人称视点较为常见，在非平等关系类型中第二人称视点更为常见;二、称谓的选择会对原有的语境中的各方关系按照说话者的意图进行修正，对关系起到维持或修正的作用。
　　本研究具有理论以及实际层面的两方面意义，在理论方面，本研究丰富了称谓语和三方交际的研究，建构了三方交际的称谓选择互动关系模型。在实际应用层面，为称谓选择提供新的解读方法;也从三方交际和称谓语研究入手为《红楼梦》的解读和研究提供了一个新的思路。

目录

声明

Acknowledgments

摘要

ABSTRACT

Contents

1 Introduction

1．1 Research Background

1．2 Research Questions

1．3 Data and Methodology

1．3．1 Data Collection and Classification

1．3．2 Methodology

1．4 Significance of This Study

1．5 Organization of This Thesis

2 Literature Review

2．1 Address Term Studies Abroad

2．1．1 Oversea Address Term Studies on Macro Level

2．1．2 Oversea Address Term Studies On Micro Level

2．1．3 Summary of the Oversea Address Term Studies

2．2 Address Term Studies at Home

2．2．1 Domestic Address Term Studies on Macro Level

2．2．2 Domestic Address Term Studies on Micro Level

2．2．3 Summary of the Domestic Address Term Studies

3 Terms and Theoretical Framework

3．1 Related Terms

3．1．1 Relation in Communication

3．1．2 Perspectives in Making a Reference

3．1．3 Triadic Communication

3．2 Theoretical Framework

3．2．1 Interaction Model of Communication in Triadic Context

3．2．2 Interaction Model of Perspective-taking

3．3 Analytical Framework

4 Addressing Perspective in Equal Relation

4．1 First-Person Perspective in Equal Relation Plane

4．1．1 First-Person Perspective to Maintain or Connect the Relation

4．1．2 First-Person Perspective to Separate the Relation

4．2 Second-Person Perspective in Equal Relation Plane

4．3 Third-Person Perspective in Equal Relation Plane

4．4 Collective Perspective in Equal Relation Plane

4．5 Summary of Perspective in the Equal Relation Plane

4．5．1 Modification of the Model

4．5．2 Purposes and Perspectives

5 Addressing Perspective in Unequal Relation

5．1 First-Person Perspective in Unequal Relation Plane

5．1．1 Asymmetric Relation Plane

5．1．2 Symmetric Relation Plane

5．2 Second-Person Perspective in Unequal Relation Plane

5．2．1 Asymmetric Relation Plane

5．2．2 Symmetric Relation Plane

5．3 Third-Person Perspective in Unequal Relation Plane

5．3．1 Asymmetric Relation Plane

5．3．2 Symmetric Relation Plane

5．4 Collective Perspective in Unequal Relation Plane

5．4．1 Asymmetric Relation Plane

5．4．2 Symmetric Relation Plane

5．5 Summary of Perspectives in Unequal Relation Plane

5．5．1 The Interaction between Relation and Perspectives

5．5．2 Purposes and Perspectives

6 Conclusion

6．1 Findings of This Thesis

6．1．1 The Interaction between Perspective and Relation

6．1．2 Possible Explanations for Perspective Frequency

6．1．3 Marked and Unmarked Form of Perspectives

6．2 Limitations and Further Research

Bibliography

Appendix

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