声明
摘要
ABSTRACT
List of Abbreviations
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1 Need and aim ofstudy
2 Research goals
CHAPTER 2 Literature Review
Part-Ⅱ Testes and spermatogenesis
2．1Mitotic phase
2．2Meiotic phase
2．3Spermiogenic phase
Part-Ⅲ
1Major morphological events／changes during spermiogenesis
2Mitochondria
3Acrosome
4Exosomes
5Autophagy
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3(Experiment 1)Remodeling of mitochondria during spermiogenesis of Chinese soft-·shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis
1．Introduction
2．Material and Methods
2．1Animals and ethical approval
2．2Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)
2．3Statistical analysis
3．ResuIts
3．1Mitochondrial remodeling
3．2Mitochondria associated granule (MAG)
3．3Size of mitochondria
4．Discussion
4．1．Mitochondrial morphology during spermiogenesis
4．2．MAG may assist mitochondrial remodeling
4．3．Onion-like mitochondria
5．Conclusion
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4 (Experiment 2)Autophagy is required for the formation of acrosome and mitochondrial cristae during spermlogenesls ln turtle
1．Introduction
2．Material and Methods
2．1．Animal and ethical approval
2．2．Inhibition of autophagy
2．3．Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)
3．Results
3．1．Acrosomal malformation
3．2．Mitochondrial cristae malformation
4．Discussion
4．1．Acrosome and autophagy
4．3．Mitochondrial cristae and autophagy
5．Conclusion
REFERENCES
CHAPTER-5 (Experiment 3)Cellular evidence of CD63 enriched exosome in seminiferous tubules during spermatogenesis of Chinese soft-shelled turtle
1．Introduction
2．Materials and Methods
2．1．Animals and Ethical Approval
2．2．Light microscopy
2．6．Western Blotting
2．7．Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)
3．Results
3．1．CD63positive exosomes rich in seminiferous tubule
3．2．Treatment of 3-MA enhanced CD63 positive exosomes
3．3．Multivesicular bodies associated with developing spermatid
4．Discussion
5．Conelusion
REFFERENCE
CHAPTER-6(Experiment 4)Cellular comparison of in vivo autophagy between turtle and fowl during spermatogenesis
1．Introduction
2．Material and Methods
2．1．Animals and Ethical Approval
2．2．Fluorescence Microscopy
2．3．Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)
3．Results
3．1．Cellular localization of autophagy markers in seminiferous tubules of domestic fowl testis
3．2．Cellular localization ofautophagy markers in seminiferous tubules of Chinese soft-shelled turtle testis
3．3．Ultrastructural localization of autophagosomes during spermatogenesis of domestic fowl
3．4．Ultrastructural localiza’tion of autophagosomes during spermatogenesis Chinese soft-shelled turtle
4．Discussion
4．1．In vivo autophagy during avian and reptilian spermatogenesis
4．2．Comparison of autophagy between turtle and fowl
5．Conclusion
REFERENCES
GENERAL CONCLUSION
INNOVATIONS
FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
南京农业大学;
