声明
Chapter 1 Introduction on Modafinil
1.1Background on the discovery and development of Modafinil
1.2 The mechanism of action of Modafinil
1.3 Use of Modafinil in clinical and non-clinical applications
1.3.1 The treatment of Narcolepsy
1.3.2 The treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
1.3.3 The treatment of Shift Work Disorder
1.3.4 Modafinil in Military Operations
1.3.5 Modafinil as Cognitive Enhancer
1.3.6 Modafinil in Off-label Medication
1.4 Issues of Addiction to Modafinil
Chapter 2 Literature Review on the Chemical Synthesis of Modafinil
2.1 The Lafon Method
2.2The Carceller Method
2.3 The Mu Method
2.4 The Yao Method
2.5The Fang Method
2.6The Cephalon Method
2.7 The Chemagis Method
Chapter 3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Assessment of the process for Modafinil
3.2The synthesis of benzhydrol 9
3.2.1 Benzophenone reduction with sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride
3.2.2 Hydrogenation of Benzophenone with Palladium on Carbon and Raney Nickel
3.2.3 Hydrogenation of Benzophenone with palladium containing perovskites
3.3The synthesis of diphenylmethylthioacetic acid 6
3.4The synthesis of diphenylmethylthioacetamide 13
3.5The synthesis of diphenylmethylsulfinylacetamide (Modafinil) 2
3.5.1 The Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation
3.5.2 The Oxone as an alternative to hydrogen peroxide oxidation
3.6 Theuse of Oxone in Modafinil synthesis from the benzhdrol-thiourea one-pot sequence
Chapter 4 Experimental Section
4.1General Points and Chemicals
4.2List of chemicals used for the experiments
4.3Reduction of Benzophenone with potassium borohydride
4.4Hydrogenation of Benzophenone with palladium on carbon(10%)
4.5Hydrogenation of Benzophenone with palladiumon carbon-ethylenediamine
4.6Hydrogenation of Benzophenone with raney nickel
4.7Hydrogenation of Benzophenone with palladium containing perovskites
4.7.1Preparation of the perovskite La1.00Fe0.95Pd0.05O3
4.7.2Preparation of the perovskite La1.00Fe0.90Pd0.10O3
4.7.3Preparation of the perovskite La1.00Co0.95Pd0.05O3
4.7.4Preparation of the perovskite La1.00Cu0.95Pd0.05O3
4.7.5Preparation of th eperovskite La1.00Al0.95Pd0.05O3
4.7.6Hydrogenation of benzophenone with perovskite La1.00Fe0.95Pd0.05O3
4.7.7Hydrogenation of benzophenone with perovskite La1.00Fe0.95Pd0.10O3
4.7.8Hydrogenation of benzophenone with perovskite La1.00Co0.95Pd0.05O3
4.7.9Hydrogenation of benzophenone with perovskite La1.00Cu0.95Pd0.05O3
4.7.10Hydrogenation of benzophenone with perovskite La1.00Al0.95Pd0.05O3
4.8The synthesis of diphenylmethylthioacetic acid 6
4.8.1Using acetic acid as both solvent and catalyst
4.8.2Using trifluoroacetic acid as both solvent and catalyst
4.8.3Using trifluoroacetic acid as catalyst and toluene as solvent
4.9The synthesis of diphenylmethylthioacetamide 13
4.10The synthesis of diphenylmethylsulfinylacetamide (Modafinil) 2
4.11The one-pot synthesis of Modafinil using the benzhydrol-thiourea-Oxone protocol
Chapter 5 Conclusions
参考文献
Appendices
Notes on publications and participation in scientific research
致谢