文摘
英文文摘
Acknowledgements
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 The Topic of the Study
1.2 The Purpose and Significance of the Study
1.3 Methodology and Data Collection
Chapter Two: Hedging and Political Discourse
2.1 Delimitations of Hedging and Hedges
2.1.1 Hedges
2.1.2 Hedging
2.1 A Survey of Hedging Research
2.2.1 Research Carried Out Abroad
2.2.2 Research Carried Out at Home
2.2.3 Model of the Present Study
2.3 Political Discourse and Hedging
2.3.1 Why Hedging in Political Discourse
2.3.2 Defining Political Discourse
2.3.3 Hedging in Political Discourse
2.4 Summary
Chapter Three: Grammatical Realization of Hedging in Political Discourse
3.1 Lexical Hedges
3.1.1 Modal Auxiliaries
3.1.2 Verbs
3.1.3 Adverbs
3.1.4 Adjective
3.2 Syntactic Hedges
3.2.1 Impersonal Structures
3.2.2 Complex Sentences
3.2.3 Negative Structures
3.2.4 More Hedges
3.3 Cross-textual Hedges
3.4 Summary
Chapter Four: Pragmatic Analysis of Hedging in Political Discourse
4.1 The CP and Hedging
4.1.1 The Co-operative Principle
4.1.2 The CP Analysis of Hedging in Political Discourse
4.2 The PP, the FTA Theory and Hedging in Political Diplomatic Discourse
4.2.1 The Politeness Principle
4.2.2 The FTA Theory
4.2.3 Hedging in Political Diplomatic Discourse
4.3“Politeness”Accounts for Hedging in Political Diplomatic Discourse
4.3.1 The PP's Accounts
4.3.2 The FTA Theory's Accounts
4.3.3 A Case Analysis
4.4 Practical Functions of Hedging in Political Discourse
4.4.1 Achieving Politeness
4.4.2 Creating Harmonious Atmosphere
4.4.3 Being Euphemistic and Self-protecting
4.4.4 Being Flexible
4.4.5 Being Tactful
4.5 Summary
Chapter Five: Conclusion
5.1 The Summary of the Study
5.2 The Limitations and the Further Study
Bibliography
Appendix Ⅰ: Websites for the Sources of Data
Appendix Ⅱ :List of Hedges Presented by G. Lakoff
