声明
Acknowledgments
Abstract
摘要
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 A Brief Introduction to Toni Morrison and A Mercy
1.2 Literature Review
1.3 The Emphasis and Thesis statement
CHAPTER TWO TRAUMA THEORY
2.1 An Ovenview of Trauma Theory
2.2 Reading A Mercy as Trauma Fiction
CHAPTER THREE INDIVIDUAL TRAUMA IN A MERCY
3.1 Suffering from“Betrayal’’of Family
3.1.1 Florens’ Nightmare of Being Abandoned by Her Mother
3.1.2 Jocab’s Being Deserted by His Father
3.1.3 Rebekka’s Being Sold by Her Parents
3.2 Suffering from the Social Living Environment
3.2.1 Florens’ Mother Suffering from Rape Fantasy
3.2.2 Sorrow’s Living in Her Self-imagined World
3.2.3 Lina’s Being Eroded by White-dominated Culture
CHAPTER FOUR COLLECTlVE TRAUMA IN A MERCY
4.1 Slavery Scarring the Soul
4.2 Women’s Fighting against Patriarchal Society
CHAPTER FIVE THE WAYS OF THE CHARACTERS’ HANDLING TRAUMA
5.1 Recovery from Trauma
5.1.1 Florens—-writing Her Thoughts on the Wall
5.1.2 Florens’ Mother—Outpouring to Her Daughter
5.1.3 Sorrow—Claiming of Motherhood
5.1.4 Lina—Returning to Her Own Native Culture Spiritually
5.2 Failures in Recovering from Trauma
5.2.1 Jacob’s Pursuit for Material Life
5.2.2 Rebekka’s Relying on Religion
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES