文摘
英文文摘
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Significance of the Study
1.3 Structure of the Thesis
2 Literature Review
2.1 Definition of Washback Effect
2.1.1 Washback Effect at Micro-level
2.1.2 Washback Effect at Macro-level
2.2 Washback Effect Mechanism
2.2.1 Anderson and Wall's Washback Effect Hypothesis
2.2.2 Hughes'Washback Model
2.2.3 Prodromou's Washback Effect in Overt and Covert Form
2.3 Nature of Washback Effect
2.3.1 Positive Washback Effect
2.3.2 Negative Washback Effect
2.4 Suggestions to Promote Positive Washback Effect
2.4.1 Hughes'Suggestion
2.4.2 Kellegan and Greaney's Suggestion
2.4.3 Bailey's Suggestion
2.5 Studies on Washback Effect from Home and Abroad
2.5.1 Studies on Washback Effect Abroad
2.5.2 Studies on Washback Effect in China
2.6 Introduction of TEM-8
2.6.1 History of TEM-8
2.6.2 Revision of TEM-8 since 2005
3 Research Design
3.1 Purpose of the Research
3.2 Research Questions
3.3 Subjects
3.4 Instruments
3.4.1 Questionnaire
3.4.2 Interview
3.4.3 Classroom Observation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Results of questionnaire
4.1.1 Perceptions of Revised TEM-8
4.1.2 Influence of Revised TEM-8 on Content and Method
4.1.3 Psychological Influence by Revised TEM-8
4.1.4 Nature of Revised TEM-8 Washback Effect
4.1.5 Aspects Influenced by Revised TEM-8
4.1.6 Influence of Various Aspects of Revised TEM-8
4.1.7 Attitudes Towards the Aspects of Present TEM-8 for Improvement
4.2 Results of Interview
4.2.1 Strengths of Revised TEM-8
4.2.1 Weaknesses of Revised TEM-8
4.3 Results of the Observation
4.3.1 Observation of American Literature Course
4.3.2 Observation of Advanced English Course
4.4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
5.1 Major Findings
5.2 Limitations of the Research
5.3 Suggestions for Further Research
References
Appendix A Student Questionnaire
Appendix B Teacher Questionnaire
Appendix C Student Interview
Appendix D Teacher Interview
Acknowledgements
