从认知角度看隐喻在跨文化交际中的意义

摘要

为促进英语和汉语两种文化之间的深入交流，本文从认知角度聚焦英汉浪漫主义诗歌中的隐喻化表达方式。通过证实隐喻在两种语言中所共同具有的认知功能，揭示隐喻的重要跨文化交际意义。本研究的语料来自英汉浪漫主义文学代表诗人(中国的李白，英国的雪莱和美国的惠特曼)的诗歌作品集，采取随机和系统两种手段抽取样本，建立起英汉两个语料库。在此基础上，作者结合认知语言学中对隐喻的相关描述，运用深入内容分析法，对样本中的隐喻化表达方式进行辨别和分类，整合出三种英汉共享的隐喻化表达模式：1)抽象事物投射为具体事物；2)物体投射为人；3)物体投射为物体。因此，本研究证实了东西方文化所共有的心智的体验性本质和抽象思维的隐喻化表达方式，验证了人类思维的共性，证明了隐喻的重大跨文化交际意义。本研究还通过分析诗歌与隐喻的关系，揭示出隐喻的重要表达功能，再次肯定了隐喻的文学价值。最后，本文通过研究隐喻的应用语言学功能，认识到隐喻领先于语法等语言规约，是语言发展的先锋，对于促进跨文化交际的另一重要方面—语言习得具有重要意义。

目录

文摘

英文文摘

声明

Acknowledgements

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 General Description of the Study

1.2 Need of the Study

1.3 Rationale for the Study

1.4 Overall Structure of the Thesis

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Definitions of Metaphor

2.1.1 Definition by Aristotle:Metaphor as Transference of Names

2.1.2 Definition from Rhetorical Perspective:Metaphor as a Trope

2.1.3 Definition from Pragmatic Perspective:Metaphor as a Specical Speech Act

2.1.4 Definition from Interactionist Perspective:Metaphor as an Interaction

2.2 Theoretical Perspective for the Present Study:Cognitive Approach to Metphor

2.2.1 An Overview of the Whole Paradigm: Cognitive Linguistics

2.2.2 The Theory of Prototypes and Basic-level Categories

2.2.3 The Philosophical Basis of Cognitive Linguistics:Experiential Realism

2.2.4 The Cognitive Approach to Metaphor: Metaphor as a Mapping across Domains

2.3 Review of Previous Studies

2.3.1 Studies on Metaphor from Cognitive Perspectives at Home and Abroad

2.3.2 Cognitive Analysis on Metaphor for Intercultural Implications

Chapter Three Methodology

3.1 Content Analysis

3.2 Building up a Database

3.2.1 A Shift from Intuition-based Approach

3.2.2 Sources of the Data

3.2.3 The Sampling Techniques

3.3 Coding: Using Grounded Theory Methodology

Chapter Four Three Metaphorical Themes in both Chinese and English Texts

4.1 Three Major Themes

4.2 Abstract Projected to the Concrete

4.2.1 Human Emotion Projected to the Concrete

4.2.2 Human Action Projected to the Concrete

4.2.3 Human Feature Projected to the Concrete

4.2.4 The Abstract Objects Projected to the Concrete Objects

4.3 Objects Projected to Human beings

4.3.1 Objects in the Nature Projected to Human beings

4.3.2 Plants or Animals Projected to Human beings

4.3.3 Other Objects Projected to Human beings

4.4 Objects Projected to Objects

Chapter Five Conclusion

5.1 conclusions

5.2 Implications

5.2.1 Implication of Metaphor's Cognitive Function for Intercultural Communication

5.2.2 Implication of Metaphor's Expressive Function for Literary Value

5.2.3 Implication of Metaphor's Instructional Function for L2 Acquisition

5.3 Suggestions for Future Research

5.4 Limitations

References

Appendix