急性高温胁迫对鳙鱼肝、鳃、肾组织结构及血液生理生化指标的影响

摘要

鱼是变温的水生脊椎动物。在日常栖息地中，鱼类对季节性和昼夜性水温的变化极其敏感。任何温度的异常变化都有可能影响鱼类的存活，从而改变其生理生化功能以及酶活，本论文旨在研究不同温度对鳙鱼肝、鳃和肾组织结构变化及其生理生化指标的影响，设置28℃和38℃2个温度梯度(28℃对照组)，每个温度设置3个重复组，挑选大小规格在250±66g的鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)随机分配到6个圆形养殖桶(300L)，对鳙鱼进行24h的高温胁迫实验，检测高温胁迫不同时间点(3h，6h，12h，24h)的血清中血清总胆固醇(TC)，甘油三酯(TG)，谷丙转氨酶(ALT)，碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和葡萄糖(GLU)等生理生化指标和组织结构变化。研究结果表明，肝、鳃和肾组织在细胞结构上有剧烈变化。在鳃组织上，上皮膜水肿起重，血液拥塞，初级鳃片增厚并且次级鳃片卷曲，缩短和明显的核内融合巨变。在肝脏组织上，细胞核溶解，坏死，出现反应性充血，血窦扩张，细胞核病变肥增以及观察到中央静脉淤血。肾脏表现出肾小囊腔扩张，肾小管通径逐渐增大，出现反应性充血，萎缩以及肾小球淤血并且带有肾小管坏死的现象。与对照组相比，高温胁迫下鳙鱼血清的总胆固醇和甘油三脂水平在显著下降(P＜0.05)，而谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶以及葡萄糖的水平在急性高温胁迫后明显升高，但与对照组相比差异不显著。 研究结果提示，鳙鱼对迅速介入到高温胁迫的反应是比较敏感的，因此实际生产中应密切关注养殖水体水温变化以减少温度应激导致的组织损伤，今后研究将关注高温胁迫对鳙鱼免疫相关基因表达与抗病力的影响，为进一步探明鳙鱼应答高温应激的分子机制提供理论基础。

目录

声明

Table of Contents

ABSTRACT

摘要

ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER 1 Literature Review and Study Plan

1 Histopathological bioma rkers in fish

1．1 Histological changes in fish gills

1．2 Histological changes in fish liver

1．3 Histological changes in fish kidney

2 Stress and its impacts on fish health

2．1 Stressors in fish and their type

2．2 Responses of fish to stress

2．3 Stress responses and organ system

3 Effects of water temperature on fish health

4 Overview of Bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis

5 Aims of the study

6 Hypothesis of the study

CHAPTER 2 Histopathological changes in gills，liver，and kidney tissues of Bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)due to the effects of acute high-temperature stress

1 Introduction

2 Materials and methods

2．1 Experimental system and fish rearing

2．2 Temperature challenge experiments

2．3 Histopathological observation

3 Results

3．1 The effects of acute high-temperature stress on the gills tissue

3．2 The effects of acute high-temperature stress on the liver tissue

3．3 The effects of acute high-temperature stress on the kidney tissue

4 Diseussion

5 Conclusion

CHAPTER 3 The effects of acute high-temperature stress on physiological and biochemical responses of Bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis

1 Introduction

2 Materials and methods

2．1 Experimental system and fish rearing

2．2 Temperature challenge experiments

2．3 Sample collection

2．4 Plasma biochemical Parameters

2．5 Statistical analysis

3．1 The effects of acute high-temperature stress on plasma biochemical composition

3．2 The effects of acute high-temperature stress on plasma stress response

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

Conclusion of the whole study

References

Appendix

Acknowledgements

Meeting Attended

Publications