声明
论文说明
CONTENTS
摘要
ABSTRACT
ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter 1 Literature Review
1 Introduction
2．Digestion of fats
2．1 Fats Digestion
2．2 Function and role of gizzard
2．3 Secretion of bile
2．4 Pancreatic lipase
3．Absorption of fats
4．Apparent metabolizable energy of fats
4．1 Factors associated with bird
5．Strategies to improve fat utilization
5．1 Enzymes incorporation
5．2 Bile acid and salts
5．3 Emulsifiers
6．Use of emulsifiers in poultry／animal diet
7．Major effects of emulsifier
7．1 Effects on performance
7．2 Effects on lipid metabolism
7．3 Emulsifier as antioxidants
Chapter 2 Growth，Serum Biochemical Indices and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diet Supplemented with Sodium stearoyl-2- lactylate
1 Introduction
2 Materials and methods
2．1 Design，birds，diets and management
2．2 Sampling and measurements
2．3 Measurement of antioxidant enzymes
2．4 The chemical composition of feed samples
2．5 The statistical analysis
3 Results
3．1 Growth performance
3．2 Relative organ weights
3．3 Serum biochemical indices
3．4 Serum antioxidant enzymes activities
4 Discussion
4．1 Growth performance and relative organ weight
4．2 Serum bioehemieal indices
4．3 Serum antioxidant enzymes activities
5 Conclusion
Chapter 3 The Efficacy of Dietary Sodium Stearoyl-2Lactylate Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility,Meat Quality and Digestive Enzyme Activities of Broiler Chicken
1 Introduction
2 Materials and methods
2．1 Design and feeding management
2．2 Nutrient digestibility
2．3 Digestive enzymes assay
2．4 Meat quality assessment
2．5 Determination of breast muscle MDA content
2．6 The chemical composition of feed samples
2．7 Statistical analysis
3 Results
3．1 Nutrient digestibility
3．2 Activities of digestive enzyme in intestinal contents
3．3 Breast meat quality assessment
3．4 Thigh meat quality assessment
3．5 Breast muscle TBARS(MDA)
4 Discussion
4．1 Nutrient digestibility
4．2 Digestive enzymes activities
4．3 Meat quality assessment
4．4 Breast muscle MDA content
5 Conclusion
Chapter 4 Effect of High Dose Response of Dietary Sodium Stearoyl-2 Lactylate on Performance，Relative Organ Weight，Intestinal Morphology and Serum Enzyme Activities of Broilers
1 Introduction
2 Materials and methods
2．1 Design，birds，diets and management
2．2 Growth performance and relative organ weight
2．3 Determination of blood metabolites
2．4 Serum AST and ALT activities assay
2．5 Intestinal morphology
2．6 The chemical composition of feed samples
2．7The statistical analysis
3 Results
3．1 Growth performance
3．2 Relative organ weight
3．3 Lipid metabolism
3．4 Blood metabolites 21d
3．5 Blood metabolites 42d
3．6 Serum AST and ALT activities
3．7 Intestinal morphology
4 Discussion
4．1 Growth performance and relative organ weights
4．2 Serum metabolites
4．3 Serum ALT and AST
4．4 Intestinal morphology
5 Conelusion
Chapter 5 Effect of Sodium Stearoyl-2 Lactylate and Soy Lecithin on Growth Performance，Nutrient Digestibility and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity Parameters of Broiler Chicken
1 Introduction
2 Materials and methods
2．1 Growth performance
2．2 Nutrient digestibility
2．3 Determination of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and TBRS
2．4 The chemical composition of feed samples
2．5 Statistical analysis
3 Results
3．1 Growth performance
3．2 Effects on nutrients digestibility
3．3 Effect on hepatic antioxidant enzymes and TBRS
4 Discussion
4．1 Growth performance
4．2 Nutrient digestibility
4．3 Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and TBRS
5 Conclusion
Chapter 6 Impact of Sodium Stearoyl-2 Lactylate and Soy Lecithin on Lipids Metabolism and Nutrient Transporters Gene Expression Level in Jejunum of Broilers
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2．1 Birds handling and treatment
2．2 Serum measurements
2．3 Organ index
2．5 RNA isolation and mRNA quantification through RT-PCR
2．6 The chemical composition of feed samples
2．7 Data analysis
3 Results
3．1 Effect on serum parameters
3．2 Relative organ weights
3．3 Expression level of nutrient transporter genes in jejunum
4 Discussion
4．1 Serum parameters
4．2 Organ index
4．3 Nutrient transporter genes
5 Conclusion
GENERAL CONCLUSION
NOVELTY STATEMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
PUBLICATIONS
